AI 中文总结
研究利用弱相干态实现可扩展量子区块链协议，采用循环量子拜占庭协议机制，降低量子通信复杂性，在光子集成电路平台实现六节点网络，资源需求少，并演示了量子安全令牌交换应用，为可扩展量子区块链开辟实用途径。
AI 中文摘要
为保障现代分布式数字基础设施安全，量子区块链利用量子资源实现信息理论安全并超越经典的三分之一容错界限。然而，现有高容错协议面临基本的可扩展性挑战：区块链三难困境导致要么通信复杂性呈指数增长，要么需要实验要求高的多方纠缠。在此，我们通过实验演示了基于弱相干态的可扩展量子区块链协议，该协议实现了量子通信复杂性的指数级降低。该协议采用循环量子拜占庭协议机制，在避免多方纠缠的同时保持信息理论安全。我们在光子集成电路平台上实现了该协议，通过商用电信基础设施实现了六节点网络。与先前方案相比，该协议所需量子通信资源不到4%。利用这一优势，我们进一步演示了量子安全令牌交换应用，实现了每秒805.3次交易且零故障的吞吐量。这些结果为可扩展量子区块链建立了一条实用途径。
英文摘要
To secure modern distributed digital infrastructures, quantum blockchains exploit quantum resources to achieve information-theoretic security and surpass the classical one-third fault-tolerance bound. However, existing high-fault-tolerant protocols face a fundamental scalability challenge: the blockchain trilemma imposes either exponential communication complexity or experimentally demanding multipartite entanglement. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a scalable quantum blockchain protocol based on weak coherent states that achieves an exponential reduction in quantum communication complexity. The protocol employs a circular quantum Byzantine agreement mechanism that preserves information-theoretic security while avoiding multipartite entanglement. We implement this protocol on a photonic integrated circuit platform, realizing a six-node network over commercially available telecommunication infrastructure. Compared with previous schemes, the protocol requires less than 4% of the quantum communication resources. Leveraging this advantage, we further demonstrate a quantum-secured token exchange application achieving a throughput of 805.3 transactions per second with zero failures. These results establish a practical pathway toward scalable quantum blockchain.
