AI 中文总结
介绍量子纠缠正电子发射断层扫描（QE-PET）研究现状，阐述利用湮灭光子纠缠的探测器系统及物理现象，通过抑制随机符合等开发相关方法技术，有望用于增强PET成像、确定诊断生物标志物及pH成像，邀科学界加入该新兴领域。
AI 中文摘要
湮灭光子在其偏振中是量子纠缠的，这一特性在当前临床正电子发射断层扫描（PET）中无法获取。本路线图描述了涉及这些光子用于医学诊断的量子纠缠应用新兴领域的研究现状。它概述了潜在的物理现象以及可作为未来量子纠缠PET（QE-PET）扫描仪基础的探测器系统的发展。这些扫描仪将能够通过测量湮灭光子在电子上的康普顿散射来利用其纠缠。本路线图包含了关于量子纠缠和湮灭光子退相干研究的最新实验结果，以及对这些现象的当前理论理解。本文所述的方法和探测器技术正在被开发，一是为了通过抑制湮灭位点密度分布重建中的随机符合来增强标准PET成像，二是为了确定量子纠缠程度作为组织病理学和氧合的诊断生物标志物，三是为了阐述一种pH成像方法。基于纠缠的成像和pH映射能否成功转化为临床实践仍是一个悬而未决的问题，也是当前令人兴奋的研究课题。本路线图旨在邀请科学界加入这个新兴领域。
英文摘要
Annihilation photons are quantum entangled in their polarization, a property that is not accessible in state-of-the-art clinical Positron Emission Tomography (PET). This roadmap describes the current status of research in the emerging field of quantum entanglement applications involving these photons for medical diagnosis. It outlines the underlying physics phenomena and the development of detector systems that can serve as a foundation for future Quantum Entanglement PET (QE-PET) scanners. These scanners will be capable of utilizing the entanglement between annihilation photons by measuring their Compton scattering on electrons. This roadmap comprises up-to-date experimental results on the study of quantum entanglement and the decoherence of annihilation photons, alongside the current theoretical understanding of these phenomena. The methods and detector technologies described herein are being developed (i) in order to enhance standard PET imaging by suppressing random coincidences in the reconstruction of annihilation site density distributions, (ii) in order to establish the degree of quantum entanglement as a diagnostic biomarker for tissue pathology and oxygenation, and (iii) in order to elaborate a method for pH imaging. Whether entanglement-based imaging and pH mapping can be successfully translated into clinical practice remains an open question and a subject of exciting ongoing research. This roadmap serves as an invitation to the scientific community to join this burgeoning field.
