AI 中文总结
该研究针对场反转构型形成进行集成三维全动力学粒子模拟，将驱动线圈嵌入计算域，以荧光一号θ箍缩装置为例，从第一原理捕获磁重联等，再现完整形成序列及相关特征，在适度GPU硬件上实现了相关动力学建模。
AI 中文摘要
我们展示了在设备尺度下场反转构型（FRC）形成的集成三维全动力学粒子模拟。据我们所知，这是首个关于全设备FRC形成的全动力学模型。该模型将驱动线圈直接作为物理导体嵌入计算域内，在单个显式网格上与等离子体自洽推进，并与外部电路闭环耦合。我们将此统一框架应用于荧光一号θ箍缩装置。与之前使用的磁流体动力学和混合模型不同，我们的框架将电子作为动力学粒子而非流体推进，从第一原理捕获快速磁重联和电子加热。模拟再现了从反向偏置锁定到重联再到封闭通量FRC出现的完整形成序列，达到的峰值离子密度约为2.2×10²² m⁻³与实验一致。压缩核心以电子为主，Te约为1.7 keV超过Ti约为1.2 keV，并被挤压到分隔半径rs约为1 cm，比平衡推断值低几倍，表明等离子体在微秒脉冲内从未松弛到压力平衡状态。该模型还再现了压缩柱的非轴对称四重（m = 4）变形，与实验端视成帧相机记录的方形横截面匹配，这是之前应用于该装置的二维模型无法实现的特征。在适度的GPU硬件上运行，这项工作使与聚变相关的FRC的集成第一原理动力学建模成为可能。
英文摘要
We present an integrated, three-dimensional, fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulation of field-reversed-configuration (FRC) formation at the device scale. To our knowledge, this is the first fully kinetic model of whole-device FRC formation. The model embeds the drive coils directly inside the computational domain as physical conductors, advancing them self-consistently with the plasma on a single explicit grid and coupling them in closed loop to an external circuit. We apply this unified framework to the Yingguang-1 $θ$-pinch. Unlike the magnetohydrodynamic and hybrid models used previously, our framework advances the electrons as kinetic particles rather than a fluid, capturing fast magnetic reconnection and electron heating from first principles. The simulation reproduces the complete formation sequence, from reversed-bias lock-in through reconnection to the emergence of a closed-flux FRC, reaching a peak ion density ${\sim}2.2\times10^{22}\,\mathrm{m^{-3}}$ consistent with experiment. The compressed core is electron-dominated, with $T_e\approx1.7\,$keV exceeding $T_i\approx1.2\,$keV, and is pinched to a separatrix radius $r_s\approx1\,$cm, several times below the equilibrium-inferred value, indicating that the plasma never relaxes to a pressure-balanced equilibrium within the microsecond pulse. The model further reproduces a non-axisymmetric, four-fold ($m=4$) deformation of the compressed column, matching the square cross-section recorded by the experiment's end-on framing camera, a feature beyond the reach of the two-dimensional models previously applied to this device. Running on modest GPU hardware, this work brings integrated, first-principles kinetic modeling of fusion-relevant FRCs within reach.
Comments19 pages, 6 figures
