AI 中文总结
该研究利用光谱仪分析雷暴地面增强，发现其电子通量和能量特征，通过气象观测及与档案对比，揭示直接检测逃逸电子的条件，为威尔逊电子观测稀少提供解释，有助于理解自然电场粒子加速。
AI 中文摘要
我们使用SEVAN光光谱仪分析在阿拉加茨检测到的富含电子的雷暴地面增强（TGE），该光谱仪可分离带电和中性粒子并重建其能谱。这些事件显示出大电子通量，重建能量延伸至45 MeV。同时气象观测表明，所有事件都发生在一个非常狭窄的大气区域内，其特征为极低的云底高度、接近0°C的温度、强电场干扰和闪电。与阿拉加茨TGE完整档案的比较表明，只有当有源加速区域接近探测器高度几十米以内，使电子能够在大气衰减中存活时，才有可能直接检测到逃逸电子。这些结果为一个世纪以来威尔逊电子观测稀少提供了实验解释。这些发现确立了直接观测逃逸电子所需的大气条件，并有助于理解自然电场中的粒子加速。
英文摘要
We analyze electron rich Thunderstorm Ground Enhancements (TGEs) detected at Aragats using the SEVAN Light spectrometer, which can separate charged and neutral particles and reconstruct their energy spectra. The events exhibit large electron fluxes, with reconstructed energies extending to 45 MeV. Simultaneous meteorological observations reveal that all events occurred within a remarkably narrow atmospheric regime characterized by exceptionally low cloud-base heights, temperatures near 0°C, strong electric-field disturbances, and lightning. Comparisons with the complete Aragats TGE archive demonstrate that the direct detection of runaway electrons becomes possible only when the active acceleration region approaches within several tens of meters of detector altitude, allowing electrons to survive atmospheric attenuation. These results provide an experimental explanation for the century long rarity of observations of Wilsonian electrons. The findings establish the atmospheric conditions required for direct observation of runaway electrons and contribute to the understanding of particle acceleration in natural electric fields.
Comments12 pages, 3 fugures
