通过随机衍射在LISA中发现质量为\(10 - 10^4 M_{\odot}\)暗物质晕的特征
Signatures of $10-10^4\,{\rm M}_{\odot}$ Dark Matter halos in LISA via Stochastic Diffraction
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究通过随机衍射在LISA中发现\(10 - 10^4 M_{\odot}\)暗物质晕特征，利用随机衍射透镜效应统计特性及正交基描述，LISA敏感于特定质量晕，堆叠强双星可确认，还能对相关模型施加限制。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
冷暗物质预言了一批低质量晕，它们对暗物质本质和原初功率谱敏感但未被探测到。借助视线方向上多个晕对引力波的波动光学透镜效应有可能发现它们。我们研究随机衍射透镜效应的统计特性，其在原始波形的幅度和相位上产生相关涨落。随机畸变可用正交基描述，该基捕获与暗物质属性相关的主导“音调”即暗音色，它与双星源参数不简并。LISA对\(O(10 - 10^4 M_{\odot})\)的晕最敏感，堆叠约(50,500)个强双星可在(2,5)\(\sigma\)水平确认它们。每个事件的信号在冷暗物质中仅为\(O(10^{-3})\)，这要求波形精度和数据分析有重大进展。即便未达此目标，随机衍射也对增强小尺度结构的模型如轴子微团簇和原初黑洞施加了严格限制。
英文摘要
Cold Dark Matter predicts a population of low-mass halos which are sensitive to its fundamental nature and the primordial power spectrum, yet remain undetected. Although elusive, their discovery may be possible thanks to wave-optics lensing of gravitational waves (GWs) by the superposition of many halos along the line of sight. We study the statistical properties of stochastic diffractive lensing, which imprints correlated fluctuations on the amplitude and phase of the original waveform. The stochastic distortions can be described by an orthogonal basis that captures the dominant ''tones'' associated with the dark matter properties, or dark timbre, which is not degenerate with binary source parameters. LISA is most sensitive to halos of $O(10\text{--}10^4\,M_\odot)$, and because the imprint recurs in every source, stacking $\sim(50,500)$ loud binaries could confirm them at the $(2,5)σ$ level ($\sim0.2$ to $\gtrsim4σ$ for realistic merger rates and different concentration estimations). The per-event signal is only $O(10^{-3})$ in cold dark matter, demanding major advances in waveform accuracy and data analysis. Even short of that reach, stochastic diffraction places stringent bounds on models that enhance small-scale structure, such as axion miniclusters and primordial black holes.
