AI 中文总结
阿尔杜阿是美国国家航空航天局ASTRA计划的任务概念，结合宽视场远紫外光谱与X射线微热量计仪器，全面观测附近星系，测试星系形成模型，解析气体流与外流，扩展重子循环科学，其仪器还将支持客座研究。
AI 中文摘要
星系际介质（CGM）是围绕星系的多相气体储库，在控制星系生长的重子循环中起核心作用，但目前了解最少。现有约束几乎仅来自笔束吸收光谱，其空间结构、运动学和相相互作用基本未被测绘。我们提出阿尔杜阿，这是美国国家航空航天局ASTRA计划的一个任务概念，它将宽视场远紫外光谱与线发射映射器（LEM）衍生的X射线微热量计仪器相结合，以获得跨越整个CGM温度范围的首张综合发射图。通过对50多个附近星系进行紫外和X射线全面观测，阿尔杜阿将测试竞争的星系形成模型，解析多相气体流和反馈驱动的外流，并将重子循环科学扩展到星系际介质和系外行星宿主恒星的环境。除了其核心的CGM/IGM计划，阿尔杜阿的宽视场、高灵敏度仪器还旨在作为灵活的社区资源，支持天体物理学领域客座研究人员的科学研究。目前没有计划或批准的任务具备这种紫外/ X射线联合勘测能力。
英文摘要
The circumgalactic medium (CGM) -- the multiphase gas reservoirs surrounding galaxies -- remains the least understood component of the baryon cycle governing galaxy growth, despite its central role in the Astro2020 Decadal Survey's priorities. Existing constraints come almost exclusively from pencil-beam absorption spectroscopy, leaving the spatial structure, kinematics, and phase interactions of CGM gas fundamentally unmapped. We present Ardua, a mission concept for NASA's ASTRA Initiative that combines wide-field far-ultraviolet spectroscopy with a Line Emission Mapper (LEM)-derived X-ray microcalorimeter instrument to obtain the first comprehensive emission maps spanning the full CGM temperature range, including cool neutral gas, ionized warm-hot phase gas, and the volume-filling hot corona. By observing more than 50 nearby galaxies comprehensively in the UV and X-ray, Ardua will test competing galaxy formation models, resolve multiphase gas flows and feedback-driven outflows, and extend baryon-cycle science to the intergalactic medium and the environments of exoplanet-hosting stars. Beyond its core CGM/IGM program, Ardua's wide-field, high-sensitivity instruments are designed to serve as a flexible community resource, supporting guest-investigator science across astrophysics. No planned or approved mission is designed to deliver this combined UV/X-ray survey capability.
CommentsNASA ASTRA Initiative Submission
