AI 中文总结
该文综述铁基超导体十年进展，介绍通过结构调整揭示其电子、磁性和超导基态相互作用，利用非弹性中子散射表征自旋激发，探讨多种配对状态，还提及薄膜等技术进展及在超导研究和应用上的推动作用。
AI 中文摘要
自2008年发现以来，铁基超导体（FeSCs）已成为探索多带、电子关联材料中高温超导性的核心平台。本综述聚焦过去十年左右的主要进展，强调实验进展、配对机制和新兴应用。通过化学取代、压力和外延生长进行结构调整可精确控制电子、磁性和超导基态，揭示它们的相互作用。特别是电子向列相和条纹型反铁磁序（常共存或竞争）对于理解相图至关重要。磁有序母体化合物中的自旋波和掺杂超导体中的自旋激发通过非弹性中子散射广泛表征。虽然掺杂超导体中的高能自旋激发在宽能量范围内保留大量光谱权重，类似于未掺杂母体中的自旋波，但低能响应揭示了与超导耦合的集体自旋激发“共振”。超导诱导共振的动量结构为许多FeSCs中的符号变化配对提供了有力证据，而无序效应、轨道涨落情景、准粒子阻尼和化合物依赖的能隙结构表明必须在特定材料框架中讨论$s_{\pm}$、$s_{++}$、节点$s$、$d$波和多分量状态。薄膜生长、插层化学和界面工程的进展，特别是在基于FeSe的系统中，实现了更高的$T_{c}$和新颖的器件几何结构。凭借高上临界场、适度各向异性和不断提高的电流密度，FeSCs继续推动超导领域的基础研究和技术应用。
英文摘要
Since its discovery in 2008, iron-based superconductors (FeSCs) have become a central platform for exploring high-temperature superconductivity in multiband, electron-correlated materials. This review focuses on major developments over the past decade or so, emphasizing experimental advances, pairing mechanisms, and emerging applications. Structural tuning through chemical substitution, pressure, and epitaxial growth enables precise control of the electronic, magnetic, and superconducting ground states, thereby revealing their interplay. In particular, the electronic nematic phase and stripe-type antiferromagnetic order-often coexisting or competing-are central to understanding the phase diagrams. Spin waves in magnetically ordered parent compounds and spin excitations (fluctuations) in doped superconductors are extensively characterized by inelastic neutron scattering. While high-energy spin excitations in doped superconductors retain substantial spectral weight across a wide energy range reminiscent of spin waves in their undoped parents, the low-energy response reveals a collective spin excitation termed "resonance" coupled to superconductivity. The momentum structure of superconductivity-induced resonance provides strong evidence for sign-changing pairing in many FeSCs, while disorder effects, orbital-fluctuation scenarios, quasiparticle damping, and compound-dependent gap structures indicate that $s_{\pm}$, $s_{++}$, nodal $s$, $d$-wave, and multicomponent states must be discussed in a material-specific framework. Advances in thin-film growth, intercalation chemistry, and interface engineering-particularly in FeSe-based systems-have enabled enhanced $T_{c}$ and novel device geometries. With high upper critical fields, moderate anisotropy, and improving current densities, FeSCs continue to drive both fundamental insight and technological applications in superconductivity.
Comments73 pages, 43 figures, 3 tables
