AI 中文总结
研究针对云游戏带宽成本高问题，提出SAIL生产质量感知速率控制系统，采用后编码架构及三个关键设计，实现感知无损质量，避免带宽浪费，在T平台部署后降低了带宽消耗和端到端延迟。
AI 中文摘要
云游戏在严格的运动到光子延迟下流式传输云渲染帧，但其大规模可行性越来越受到带宽成本的限制。在对T云游戏平台的研究中，带宽占总运营成本的30%-60%。高带宽消耗源于保真度优先的目标，这导致生产系统采用尽力而为的比特率分配，造成带宽浪费。本文提出SAIL，一种生产质量感知速率控制系统，旨在实现感知无损质量并避免不必要的带宽浪费。SAIL采用后编码架构，实现近零开销的毫秒级反馈。它包括三个关键设计：编码器驱动的质量评估模型、混合速率控制机制和网络感知策略。SAIL已在T云游戏平台上全面部署，在不降低感知质量的情况下，将带宽消耗降低44.27%，端到端延迟降低8.37%，服务了数千万用户，积累了数十亿小时的总游戏时长。
英文摘要
Cloud gaming streams cloud-rendered frames under strict motion-to-photon latency, yet its at-scale viability is increasingly constrained by bandwidth cost: in our study of the T cloud gaming platform, bandwidth accounts for 30-60% of total operating expense. This high bandwidth consumption stems from a fidelity-first objective of making the stream perceptually indistinguishable from local gameplay. It drives production systems toward best-effort bitrate allocation that pushes the encoder to the highest rate allowed by congestion control. However, the bitrate-perception relationship saturates: beyond a frame-dependent perceptually lossless threshold, additional bits yield negligible perceptual improvement, creating systematic redundant quality that wastes bandwidth. We present SAIL, a production quality-aware rate control system with the goal of achieving perceptually lossless quality while avoiding unnecessary bandwidth waste. SAIL adopts a post-encoding architecture to enable millisecond-scale feedback at near-zero overhead. It comprises three key designs: (i) an encoder-driven quality assessment model that leverages zero-cost encoder outputs for real-time quality estimation; (ii) a hybrid rate control mechanism that balances steady-state adaptation with dynamic spike absorption; and (iii) a network-aware strategy that coordinates with congestion control to prevent capacity underestimation. SAIL has been fully deployed on the T cloud gaming platform and reduces bandwidth consumption by 44.27% and end-to-end latency by 8.37% without degrading perceived quality, serving tens of millions of users and accumulating billions of hours of total gameplay.
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