AI 中文总结
研究各向异性脂质膜变形胶体的组装途径，结合实验与数值计算，分析多种形状胶体通过膜变形的相互作用，发现其组装规律及能量障碍影响，揭示相关原理，为膜变形蛋白等行为提供新见解。
AI 中文摘要
膜变形介导的相互作用在细胞膜上蛋白质的空间组织中起重要作用。尽管各向同性膜变形之间的相互作用已被广泛研究，但各向异性变形的作用在很大程度上仍未被探索，尽管它们在生物系统中很普遍。在此，我们通过实验研究了在脂质膜下方受限且不直接附着的情况下使脂质膜变形的各向异性胶体对象的组装。结合实验和数值计算，我们分析了包括椭球体、哑铃体、立方体、不等边三角形、四面体和弯曲棒等多种形状如何通过它们引起的膜变形相互作用。我们发现，使膜变形的对象最初通过最高曲率区域相互吸引，随后重新定向为具有近似球形周长的紧密堆积排列。这是通过平面的对齐（如果可能对齐）和局部优化的几何堆积实现的，高曲率区域会形成影响组装途径的能量障碍。我们的工作揭示了各向异性膜变形控制组装途径和最终粒子排列的一般原理，为膜变形蛋白和其他内含物的行为提供了新的见解。
英文摘要
Membrane-deformation mediated interactions play an important role in the spatial organization of proteins on the cell membrane. Although interactions between isotropic membrane deformations have been extensively investigated, the role of anisotropic deformations remains largely unexplored despite their prevalence in biological systems. Here, we experimentally investigate the assembly of anisotropic colloidal objects that deform a lipid membrane while being confined underneath it, without direct attachment. Combining experiments and numerical calculations, we analyze how a wide range of shapes, including ellipsoids, dumbbells, cubes, scalene triangles, tetrahedra, and bent rods, interact with each other through the membrane deformations they induce. We find that membrane-deforming objects initially attract through regions of highest curvature and subsequently reorient into close packed arrangements with an approximately spherical circumference. This is achieved through the alignment of flat faces - if possible in register - and locally optimized geometric packing, with regions of high curvature imposing energy barriers that influence the assembly pathway. Our work reveals general principles how anisotropic membrane deformations govern the assembly pathways and final particle arrangements, providing new insights into the behavior of membrane-deforming proteins and other inclusions.
