AI 中文总结
研究针对电池冷却中热均匀性与温度上升降低间权衡问题，提出集成极耳-表面冷却系统，通过开发冷却剂模型并结合电池等模型，用RTI-MPC方案解决冷却剂分配问题，实现良好热响应且大幅降低计算成本，在温度调节和热梯度降低间达最佳权衡。
AI 中文摘要
电池极耳冷却通过利用集流体的高导热性有效降低内部热梯度，而表面冷却因其大传热面积能有效降低温度上升。单独使用任一策略都限制了热均匀性和温度上升降低之间的权衡。本文提出一种集成极耳-表面冷却（ITSC）系统，冷却剂在侧面和极耳通道间动态分配，被表述为最优控制问题以调节电池温度至期望参考并最小化热梯度。为此开发了基于第一原理的冷却剂模型并与电池和阀门驱动模型耦合，用计算高效的实时迭代模型预测控制（RTI-MPC）方案解决最优冷却剂分配问题，非线性MPC作为闭环性能基准。实际驾驶条件下的评估结果表明，RTI-MPC能再现非线性MPC热响应，绝对误差低于0.0035℃，同时将计算成本从几秒降至19.毫秒，显示出实时实施的强大潜力。此外，与传统冷却配置相比，ITSC在温度调节和热梯度降低之间实现了最佳总体权衡。
英文摘要
Battery electrical tab cooling is effective at reducing internal thermal gradients by exploiting the high thermal conductivity of the current collectors, whereas surface cooling is effective at reducing temperature rise because of its large heat transfer area. Using either strategy alone, however, limits the achievable trade-off between thermal uniformity and temperature rise reduction. This work proposes an integrated tab-surface cooling (ITSC) system in which coolant is dynamically allocated among the lateral surface and tab channels. The allocation is formulated as an optimal control problem in which the battery temperature is regulated towards a desired reference and thermal gradients are minimised. To support this formulation, a first-principles coolant model is developed and coupled with battery and valve-actuation models. The resulting optimal coolant-allocation problem is solved using a computationally efficient real-time iteration model predictive control (RTI-MPC) scheme, with a nonlinear MPC serving as a closed-loop performance benchmark. Evaluation results under realistic driving conditions showed that RTI-MPC reproduces the nonlinear MPC thermal response with absolute errors below 0.0035 degC while reducing the computational cost from several seconds to 19.3 ms, indicating strong potential for real-time implementation. Additionally, evaluation of the proposed ITSC system against conventional cooling configurations demonstrates that ITSC achieves the best overall trade-off between temperature regulation and thermal gradient reduction.
Comments14 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
