基于纠缠的被动密钥分发协议的安全性
Security of passive entanglement-based key distribution protocols
AI总结：
研究基于纠缠的被动密钥分发协议安全性，证明有偏差基选择的被动BBM92及任意方被动QCKA的安全性，数值显示被动BBM92密钥生成率与主动协议相近，为其实际被动实现提供理论基础。
AI中文摘要：
基于纠缠的密钥分发协议，如1992年的Bennett-Brassard-Mermin（BBM92）协议和量子会议密钥协商（QCKA），是量子网络的有前景的应用。在实际实现中，由于其简单性，被动测量设置被广泛采用。然而，具有偏差基选择的被动协议的安全性分析非常复杂，因为阈值探测器的标准证明技术通常不适用于此设置。在这项工作中，我们在渐近区域建立了基于纠缠的被动密钥分发协议的安全性。具体而言，我们证明了具有偏差基选择的被动BBM92的安全性，并将证明扩展到任意数量参与方的被动QCKA。此外，我们通过数值表明被动BBM92的密钥生成率几乎与相应的主动协议相同。我们的结果为基于纠缠的密钥分发协议的实际被动实现提供了理论基础。
英文摘要：
Entanglement-based key distribution protocols, such as the Bennett-Brassard-Mermin 1992 (BBM92) protocol and quantum conference key agreement (QCKA), are promising applications of quantum networks. In practical implementations, passive measurement setups are widely adopted because of their simplicity. However, the security analysis of passive protocols with biased basis choice is highly nontrivial, since standard proof techniques for threshold detectors are generally not applicable in this setting. In this work, we establish the security of passive entanglement-based key distribution protocols in the asymptotic regime. Specifically, we prove the security of passive BBM92 with biased basis choice and extend the proof to passive QCKA with an arbitrary number of parties. In addition, we numerically show that the key generation rate of passive BBM92 is almost identical to that of the corresponding active protocol. Our results provide a theoretical foundation for practical passive implementations of entanglement-based key distribution protocols.
