AI 中文总结
该研究针对自主射电阵列通过触发选择的ADC迹线重建空气簇射的问题，提出探测器级模拟闭合测试，通过特定方法获取能量等信息，对972个事件包测试，为选定模拟事件包建立重建基线。
AI 中文摘要
自主射电阵列通过触发选择的ADC迹线而非理想电场足迹来重建空气簇射。我们提出了一种探测器级模拟闭合测试，将射频链触发的ZHAireS事件包与方向、能量和质量标签相连。从电压幅度和台站计时重建几何结构。然后将ADC迹线通过射频链反转，并限制在50 - 200 MHz，在以射电核心为中心的簇射平面中降至地磁峰值幅度$|E_{x_{\pi}}|$。通过拟合锁定铁和质子模板族的固定等先验均值获得能量。该估计器既不使用模拟的初级标签，也不使用经验幅度或天顶角尺度。在972个事件包中，711个在原始噪声加权、原始硬去噪等权重和干净参考分支中通过了共同的重建质量门。它们的平均分数能量残差分别为$+1.20\%$、$+0.55\%$和$-0.10\%$，事件间散射分别为$14.51\%$、$14.40\%$和$14.25\%$。在这个选定的模拟样本中，真实水平的中值张角残差为$0.050^\circ$。这些汇总值掩盖了与天顶角相关的能量残差，从$60^\circ$ - $70^\circ$时的约$-8\%$到$80^\circ$ - $85^\circ$时的$+11\%$，在人口稀少的边缘区间偏差更大。结果为选定的模拟事件包建立了内部一致的重建基线，而非已部署阵列的分辨率或曝光度。
英文摘要
Autonomous radio arrays reconstruct air showers from trigger-selected digitized voltage traces rather than ideal electric-field footprints. We present a detector-level simulation-closure test linking RF-chain-triggered ZHAireS event packages to reconstructed direction, energy and quality diagnostics. Voltage amplitudes and station timing determine geometry through a robust joint timing--amplitude axis fit. Native-grid RF-chain inversion recovers 50--200 MHz electric-field peaks along the shower-plane v cross B axis. Symmetric four-arm iron and proton templates generated with 2 ns time bins provide endpoint estimates that are combined by a nested five-fold out-of-fold interpolation estimator. One estimator is used over the full angular range without a fitted multiplicative energy scale. Of 972 triggered event packages, 725 pass common quality selection in raw-noisy weighted, hard-gated denoised equal-weight and clean equal-weight branches. In the primary reconstructed-zenith range 60--85 degrees, 693 common events have mean energy residuals of -0.05, -0.30 and -0.66 percent with standard deviations of 11.04, 10.90 and 10.75 percent. The hard-gated denoised branch has a median angular separation of 0.052 degrees. Boundary zenith ranges are reported separately; the upper boundary has a mean energy residual of +14.2 percent and a 19.9 percent standard deviation. These results describe cross-fitted closure within a matched simulation framework, not deployed-array resolution or independent energy calibration.
Comments25 pages, 11 figures
