AI 中文总结
针对3D打印市场增长带来的固件级攻击风险，提出Firewall3D硬件防火墙，通过持续监控物理层信号验证打印机行为与G代码执行是否匹配，能有效检测多种固件攻击并防止损害。
AI 中文摘要
随着3D打印市场持续快速增长，价值超300亿美元，针对增材制造系统的网络安全风险和攻击也在增加。固件级攻击是主要威胁之一，可通过供应链受损、恶意固件更新或内部人员威胁引入。我们提出了基于硬件的安全解决方案Firewall3D，它作为3D打印机的硬件防火墙，持续监控物理层信号，包括步进电机电流、限位开关、喷嘴和床温及冷却风扇等，以验证打印机物理行为与预期G代码执行匹配。实验结果表明，Firewall3D能有效检测多种固件攻击，检测到异常行为时可触发警报并停止打印过程，防止进一步损害和风险。
英文摘要
As the 3D printing market continues to grow rapidly, with an estimated value exceeding $30 billion, cybersecurity risks and attacks targeting additive manufacturing systems are also increasing. These attacks aim to sabotage printed components, steal intellectual property, or even physically damage the 3D printer itself. One major cybersecurity threat in this domain is firmware level attacks, which can be introduced through supply chain compromises, malicious firmware updates, or insider threats that deploy modified firmware to manipulate printer behavior. To defend against such threats, we propose a dedicated hardware based security solution,Firewall3D, that acts as a hardware firewall for 3D printers. Firewall3D continuously monitors physical layer signals, including stepper motor currents, end stop switches, nozzle and bed temperatures and cooling fans, to verify that the printer's physical behavior matches the intended G-code execution. Our experimental results demonstrate that Firewall3D can effectively detect a wide range of firmware attacks that could compromise print integrity, damage printer components, or leak intellectual property. Upon detecting abnormal behavior, the system can immediately trigger an alarm and halt the printing process, thereby preventing further damage and risks.
