AI 中文总结
本文针对脑机接口安全研发滞后问题，回顾神经安全技术现状，全面调查BCI系统安全威胁，给出可应用于弥补神经安全差距的现有方法建议，助力提升神经技术安全。
AI 中文摘要
脑机接口（BCIs）是一类多样的硬件模式、相关软件及连接设备，广泛应用于神经外科、生物医学数据分析和神经成像等领域。近年来BCI技术及更广泛的神经技术发展迅速，然而脑机接口安全（神经安全）的研发却显著滞后。本文回顾神经安全的当前技术现状，全面调查BCI系统既定和极有可能的安全威胁的广度与复杂性，并给出可立即应用于弥补神经安全差距的现有方法建议。
英文摘要
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are a class of diverse hardware modalities, associated software, and connected devices which are widely used in a variety of fields, including neurosurgery, biomedical data analysis, and neuroimaging. Recent years have seen rapid advancements in BCI technology, and neurotechnology more broadly, with the first devices now passing clinical trials, early examples of consumer hardware entering the market, and many variants of consumer and medical hardware with increasingly extensive capabilities being developed rapidly. However, research and development in security for BCIs--known as neurosecurity--lags significantly behind the capabilities of BCIs themselves. In an effort to address as many vulnerabilities as feasible immediately, in this paper we review the current state of the art in neurosecurity, thoroughly survey the breadth and complexity of both firmly established and highly probable security threats to BCI systems, and provide recommendations of existing methods from cybersecurity, hardware security, and machine learning which can immediately be applied to address some of these gaps in neurosecurity.
