AI 中文总结
研究多原子阴离子光剥离中维格纳时间延迟的可测量性，通过模拟硝酸根阴离子实验，分析多原子阴离子测量物理，发现测量延迟角度依赖性与维格纳延迟不同，证明特定出射方向测量可获维格纳延迟，还提出相关有前景实验。
AI 中文摘要
电子连续波函数复相位的能量依赖性携带有关电子动力学的信息。条纹和阿秒干涉实验（称为RABBIT）试图测量这种能量依赖性，进而测量电离时间延迟。在这些实验中，长程库仑相互作用占主导，可能掩盖维格纳时间延迟的低能特征。负离子的光剥离不存在长程库仑相互作用，光剥离延迟的RABBIT和条纹测量有可能揭示低能特征中长达一飞秒的时间延迟。我们预测了在一个特别有趣的多原子例子——硝酸根阴离子（NO₃⁻）上进行价电子和芯电子剥离此类实验的结果。我们模拟了这些情况下的实验，并分析了多原子阴离子测量的基础物理，其中许多电子分波起作用，发现测量延迟的角度依赖性通常与维格纳延迟不同。然而，我们证明，在接近光源偏振的出射方向进行测量可以直接获取维格纳延迟，从而给出电子 - 分子相互作用的时间相关窗口。还提出了一个涉及用X射线对NO₃⁻进行芯光剥离的有前景的实验。
英文摘要
The energy dependence of the complex phases of electron continuum wave functions carries information about electron dynamics. Streaking and attosecond interference experiments (called RABBIT) seek to measure this energy dependence, and therefore, the time delays of ionization. The long-range Coulomb interaction dominates in those experiments, and can obscure the low-energy features of the Wigner time delays that are the object of the measurement. Photodetachment of electrons from negative ions has no long-range Coulomb interaction, and RABBIT and streaking measurements of photodetachment delays have the potential to reveal time delays of up to one femtosecond in low-energy features. We predict the results of such experiments on a particularly interesting polyatomic example, the nitrate anion (NO$_3^-$), for both valence and core electron detachment. We simulate the experiments in these cases and analyze the underlying physics of measurements on polyatomic anions where many electron partial waves contribute and find that the angular dependence of the measured delays generally differs from the Wigner delays. However, we demonstrate that measurements performed for ejection directions close to the polarization of the light sources can directly access the Wigner delays that give a time-dependent window on electron-molecule interactions. A promising experiment involving core photodetachment of NO$_3^-$ with X-rays is proposed.
Comments27 pages, 16 figures
