AI 中文总结
研究宇宙恒星形成历史，通过拟合\(z = 0.1 - 9\)的质量函数数据，追踪星系生长历史，对特定质量范围进行主序推断，结果与多种测量和模型相符，且与常用关系不同，强调需进一步理论工作理解恒星形成历史。
AI 中文摘要
星系质量与恒星形成率之间不断演变的关系——即所谓的“恒星形成主序”（MS）——为理解不同时期的恒星形成提供了关键基准。尽管其至关重要，但观测到的主序在归一化、形状和红移演化方面仍存在大量系统不确定性，且主序与其积分恒星质量函数之间长期存在差异。我们在詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜时代重新审视恒星形成主序，通过询问恒星质量函数需要怎样的恒星形成率才能构建一个随时间自洽的星系图景。我们拟合了从\(z = 0.1 - 9\)的恒星形成和静止质量函数的地面及空间测量数据。通过这些质量函数追踪星系生长历史，我们对\(10^8 M_\odot \leq m_\star \leq 10^{11} M_\odot\)范围内从局部宇宙到宇宙历史最初500百万年进行了统计稳健的主序推断。我们的方法得出的主序与\(z\sim 2 - 7\)的恒星形成率独立光谱测量结果一致，与\(z\lesssim 3\)的基于SED拟合的光度样本分析一致，并与星系演化理论模型相符。然而，我们发现我们的MS与常用的“一致性”关系不同，因此在应用这些汇编时需谨慎考虑潜在不确定性。最后，我们探讨了推断的主序对星系 - 晕连接和恒星形成率密度的影响，强调需要进一步的理论工作来全面理解宇宙的恒星形成历史。
英文摘要
The evolving relationship between a galaxy's mass and star formation rate -- the so-called `star-forming main sequence' (MS) -- provides a critical benchmark for understanding star formation across time. Despite its fundamental importance, the observed main sequence remains subject to substantial systematic uncertainties in normalization, shape, and redshift evolution, and a longstanding discrepancy persists between the main sequence and its integral, the stellar mass function. We revisit the star-forming MS in the era of the James Webb Space Telescope by asking what star formation rates are required by the stellar mass function to create a self-consistent picture of galaxies across time. We fit compiled ground- and space-based measurements of star-forming and quiescent mass functions from $z=0.1-9$. By tracing galaxy growth histories through these mass functions, we present a statistically-robust inference of the main sequence over $10^8 M_\odot \leq m_\star \leq 10^{11} M_\odot$, from the local universe to the first 500 Myr of cosmic history. Our procedure implies a main sequence that agrees with independent spectroscopic measurements of star formation rates from $z\sim 2-7$, is consistent with SED fitting-based analyses of photometric samples at $z\lesssim 3$, and aligns with theoretical models of galaxy evolution. However, we find that our MS differs from commonly-used `concordance' relations and thus caution against applications of these compilations without appropriately characterizing the underlying uncertainties. Finally, we explore the implications of our inferred main sequence for the galaxy-halo connection and star formation rate density, highlighting the need for further theoretical work to comprehensively understand the star formation history of the universe.
Comments15+8 pages, 5+3 figures, submitted to ApJ
