AI 中文总结
探讨量子力学与经典力学兼容性问题，指出宏观性参数是独立自由度数量而非粒子数，通过分析著名实验给出新解释，详细讨论量子 - 经典转变一般方案。
AI 中文摘要
量子力学（QM）中一个主要未解决的问题是其与经典力学的兼容性。描述微观世界的量子力学定律，对于足够大的物理系统必须融入经典定律，但尚不清楚转变发生的点（若有）以及随着尺寸增加转变是平滑还是突然的。此外，将量子力学严格扩展到宏观世界会导致著名的‘悖论’，不易解决。此问题与测量问题紧密相关，因为任何测量装置都必须给出可在经典层面描述的响应。许多实验试图回答该问题，主要是探寻粒子数量能增加到何种程度以观察到违反标准量子力学的明确证据。本文认为宏观性参数不是粒子数量，而是独立自由度数量，如近期一个量子力学完备化模型所提议。这引入了一种范式转变。从这一角度分析了一组有代表性的著名实验，带来了对实验的新解释，并详细讨论了量子 - 经典转变的一般方案。
英文摘要
One of the main unsolved question in Quantum Mechanics (QM) is its compatibility with classical mechanics. The laws of QM, which describe the microscopic world, must merge into the classical ones for large enough physical systems, but it is still unknown at which point, if any, the transition occurs and if the transition is smooth or sudden as the size increases. Furthermore, a strict extension of QM to the macroscopic world leads to well known 'paradoxes', which is not straightforward to solve. This question is tightly connected with the measurement problem, since any measurement apparatus must give a response which can be described at classical level. Many experiments have been performed to answer to this question. They mainly try to find to which extent the number of particles can be increased in order to observe clear evidence of violation of standard QM. In this paper we argue that the macroscopicity parameter is not the number of particles but the number of independent degrees of freedom, as proposed in a recent model for the completion of QM. This introduces a sort of change of paradigm. To support this claim a representative set of well known experiments are analyzed from this point of view. This brings to a new interpretation of the experiments. A general scheme for the quantum-classical transition is discussed in some details.
