个体目标假设：对人类群体环境中主动机器人的系统综述
The Individual-Targeting Assumption: A Systematic Review of Proactive Robots in Human Group Settings
- Department of Information Science at Cornell University（康奈尔大学信息科学系）
- School of Education, Louisiana State University（路易斯安那州立大学教育学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
通过对63项群体环境中主动人机交互研究的系统综述，发现个体目标假设（ITA）普遍存在，群体感知方法滞后，未解决机器人进入预先形成群体的问题，还出现三种失败模式，重新定义主动HRI为独特设计问题，确定进入阶段为关键挑战。
AI中文摘要：
主动机器人越来越多地部署在公共环境中，人们作为有凝聚力的社会群体成员出现，而非孤立个体。然而，主动人机交互（HRI）中普遍的设计范式是否考虑了将群体定义为社会单元的关系结构，很大程度上仍未得到检验。通过对2000年至2025年63项群体环境中的主动HRI研究进行系统综述，我们识别出一种反复出现的倾向——个体目标假设（ITA），即机器人将在场的人视为独立的参与目标。我们发现ITA存在于60.3%的语料库中，群体感知方法几乎完全在机器人已经嵌入正在进行的交互之后出现。关键的是，整个语料库都未解决机器人在发起接触之前应如何检测并协商进入预先形成的群体的问题。当主动机器人与人类群体交互时，出现了三种失败模式：参与误判、社会认可盲目和旁观者忽视。这些发现将群体环境中的主动HRI重新定义为一个质的不同的设计问题，而不是二元交互的延伸，并将机器人在进入阶段对群体的方法确定为一个关键且研究不足的开放挑战。
英文摘要：
Proactive robots are increasingly deployed in public environments where people are encountered not as isolated individuals but as members of cohesive social groups. Yet whether the prevailing design paradigm in proactive human-robot interaction (HRI) accounts for the relational structure that defines a group as a social unit remains largely unexamined. Through a systematic review of 63 proactive HRI studies in group settings from 2000 to 2025, we identify a recurring tendency, the Individual-Targeting Assumption (ITA), in which robots treat co-present people as independent engagement targets. We find that ITA is present in 60.3% of the corpus, with group-aware approaches emerging almost entirely after the robot is already embedded in an ongoing interaction. Critically, how a robot should detect and negotiate entry into a pre-formed group before initiating contact remains unaddressed across the corpus. Three failure modes, engagement misdetection, social ratification blindness, and bystander neglect, emerge as recurring patterns when proactive robots interact with human groups. These findings reframe proactive HRI in group settings not as an extension of dyadic interaction but as a qualitatively distinct design problem, and they identify the robot's approach to the group during the entry phase as a critical and understudied open challenge.
