热孤立驱动量子系统的涨落定理：非绝热性、额外功与强不等式
Fluctuation theorems for thermally isolated driven quantum systems: nonadiabaticity, excess work and strong inequalities
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究在量子背景下拓展C. Jarzynski的想法，推导了详细涨落定理等，给出随机量物理解释，表明其平均值由非绝热性参数和额外功给出，还阐述了相关不等式及与不可逆性和第二定律的联系。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们拓展了C. Jarzynski在《物理A》552, 122077 (2020)中提出的想法，其目的是得到比Jarzynski等式更强的热力学不等式而导出了一个积分涨落定理。我们局限于量子情形，推导了相应的详细涨落定理以及额外的详细和积分涨落定理；还对先前参考文献中定义的随机量给出了清晰的物理解释。此外，我们表明它们的平均值由非绝热性参数（即有限时间驱动协议后的最终状态与相应绝热演化状态之间的相对熵）和额外功（也称为内摩擦）给出。我们详细阐述了从涨落定理导出的不等式，并讨论了它们与不可逆性和第二定律表述的联系。
英文摘要
We expand on the ideas developed by C. Jarzynski in Physica A 552, 122077 (2020), where an integral fluctuation theorem was derived with the aim of obtaining thermodynamic inequalities stronger than those implied by the Jarzynski equality. Restricting ourselves to the quantum setting, we derive the corresponding detailed fluctuation theorem and additional detailed and integral fluctuation theorems; we also provide a clear physical interpretation of the stochastic quantities defined in the previous reference. Furthermore, we show that their averages are given by the nonadiabaticity parameter (i.e., the relative entropy between the final state after a finite-time driving protocol and the corresponding adiabatically evolved state) and the excess work (also known as inner friction). We elaborate on the inequalities derived from the fluctuation theorems and discuss their connection to irreversibility and formulations of the Second Law.
