地球中微子振荡层析成像的二阶微扰修正
Second-Order Perturbative Correction for Neutrino Oscillation Tomography of the Earth
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究地球内部未知情况，利用中微子扫描地球完善地震模型。针对中微子弱相互作用及味振荡问题，通过微扰理论二阶计算振荡概率，结果适用于非对称中微子势，可实施多壳层演化方案。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
地球内部深度超过目前直接探测极限（仅为其半径的五百分之一），由于基于地震和地球物理观测预测温度、压力和化学成分分布存在模糊性，在很大程度上仍不为人知。用中微子扫描地球可为完善现有地震模型提供独立信息。然而，中微子与介质相互作用极弱。只有大气中微子通量的微小TeV能量成分在穿过地球时会被明显吸收，提供的统计数据有限。能量约为1GeV的更常见中微子通量减少可忽略不计，但它们在穿过地球时会经历与电子数密度有关的可观味振荡，这与地震模型相关。除了中微子实验（如KM3NeT、DUNE和Hyper-Kamiokande）能力不断增强外，成功进行地球中微子振荡层析成像还需要准确计算这些振荡中的物质效应。我们在微扰理论二阶中获得了相关中微子振荡概率。我们的结果适用于沿中微子路径不一定对称的中微子势，这使我们能够实施多壳层演化方案，以更好地考虑地球各层之间的密度跃变。
英文摘要
The Earth's interior at depths exceeding present direct probing limit, which is just one five-hundredth of its radius, remains unknown to a significant extent due to existing ambiguities in predicting the distribution of temperature, pressure and chemical composition on the basis of seismic and geophysical observations. Scanning the Earth with neutrinos can provide independent information for refinement of existing seismological models. However, neutrinos interact with medium extremely weakly. Only tiny TeV-energy component of the atmospheric neutrino flux is noticeably absorbed while traversing the Earth, which provides limited statistical data. Flux reduction for much more common neutrinos with energies of the order of 1 GeV is vanishing. However, on their way through the planet they undergo sizable flavor oscillations that depend on the electron number density, which provides a link to seismological models. Accurate calculation of the matter effect in these oscillations is required for successful neutrino oscillation tomography of the Earth besides growing power of neutrino experiments, e. g., KM3NeT, DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande. We obtained relevant neutrino oscillation probabilities in the second order of perturbation theory. Our results are valid for a neutrino potential that is not necessarily symmetric along the neutrino path. This allowed us to implement a multi-shell evolution scheme to better account for the density jumps between various layers of the Earth.
