AI 中文总结
研究并网电解中多尺度优化问题，提出混合整数线性规划（MILP）优化框架，通过案例求解揭示多尺度调度可延长电池堆寿命、降低电费，量化关键参数权衡与设计目标，挑战制氢成本目标可行性，量化多尺度优化经济价值。
AI 中文摘要
风能和太阳能资源在电网中的渗透率不断提高，促使集成灵活技术以应对电网波动和紧急事件动态转移电力负荷。水电解槽通过需求响应提供灵活性，同时实现制氢电气化，但高动态运行计划会加速设备退化。本文提出一个混合整数线性规划（MILP）优化框架，研究电解设备短期运行灵活性与由退化驱动的长期电池堆更换决策之间的多尺度耦合。以一个2.2兆瓦碱性水电解槽22年的日前市场参与为例进行求解。结果表明，多尺度调度可使电池堆最佳寿命延长2年，并使寿命期电费降低33%。此外，还量化了关键设备参数权衡和下一代设计目标，分析对仅通过市场套利实现1美元/千克的标准平准化制氢成本（LCOH）目标的可行性提出了挑战。该框架量化了并网电解中多尺度优化未被充分利用的经济价值。
英文摘要
The increasing penetration of wind and solar resources into the power grid motivates the integration of flexible technologies to dynamically shift power loads in response to grid volatility and emergency events. The water electrolyzer presents a synergistic opportunity to provide flexibility through demand response (DR), while simultaneously electrifying hydrogen production; however, highly dynamic operation schedules accelerate device degradation. This work presents a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) optimization framework to study the multi-scale coupling between short-term operational flexibility provision in electrolysis devices and long-term stack replacement decisions driven by degradation. Active day-ahead market (DAM) participation of a 2.2 MW alkaline water electrolyzer over 22 years is solved as a case study. Our framework reveals that the multi-scale scheduling of DR operation and replacement decisions can extend optimal stack lifetimes by up to 2 years through load-shifting and further reduce lifetime electricity expenses by 33% relative to inflexible constant operation. Furthermore, we quantify key device parameter tradeoffs and next-generation design goals, where our analysis challenges the feasibility of the standard \$1/kg levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) production target solely through market arbitrage. Ultimately, this framework quantifies the largely unexploited economic value of multi-scale optimization in grid-integrated electrolysis.
Comments37 pages, 8 figures
