用于自由空间计算机生成全息术的光学傅里叶表面
Optical Fourier Surfaces for Free-Space Computer-Generated Holography
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究用于自由空间计算机生成全息术的光学傅里叶表面，利用其任意波浪形表面，展示基于正弦透镜和光栅的线性设计、迭代傅里叶变换算法及机器学习逆设计三种策略，结合热扫描探针光刻与灵活设计，为光子应用创建有用结构。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
计算机生成全息术可通过在纳米结构表面编码波前信息来塑造电磁场。尽管取得了显著进展，但可见和近红外波长的全息图设计仍受制造限制。多数实现依赖光刻方法，其产生的离散表面与光的波动性质不匹配。进一步进展需精确连续（灰度）控制界面轮廓。本文引入光学傅里叶表面作为自由空间计算机生成全息图的通用、直观平台。利用这些任意波浪形表面，展示了三种计算机生成全息术设计策略：基于正弦透镜和光栅的解析线性设计方法；通过迭代傅里叶变换算法提高衍射效率；基于机器学习的逆设计扩展框架以创建波长复用全息图。结果结合先进热扫描探针光刻与灵活设计策略，为光子应用创建有用结构，尤其在快速原型制作至关重要的场景中。
英文摘要
Computer-generated holography can shape electromagnetic fields by encoding wavefront information in nanostructured surfaces. However, despite significant progress, hologram designs for visible and near-infrared wavelengths remain largely limited by fabrication constraints. Most implementations rely on lithographic methods that produce discretized surfaces that do not match the wave nature of light. Further advances would benefit from accurate continuous (grayscale) control of interfacial profiles, which would allow straightforward design principles from Fourier optics to be applied. In this work, we introduce optical Fourier surfaces as a versatile, intuitive platform for free-space computer-generated holograms. Exploiting these arbitrarily wavy surfaces, we demonstrate three different design strategies for computer-generated holography. First, we use an analytical linear design approach based on sinusoidal lenses and gratings as fundamental holographic building blocks. Second, we enhance diffraction efficiencies through an iterative Fourier-transform algorithm. Finally, we extend our framework with machine-learning-based inverse design, creating wavelength-multiplexed holograms that reconstruct distinct diffraction responses in a predefined image plane. Our results combine advanced thermal scanning-probe lithography with flexible design strategies to create useful structures for photonic applications, particularly in settings where rapid prototyping is crucial.
