AI 中文总结
研究使用漂流浮标测量高频海浪时的问题及差异，核心方法是将观测谱从漂流参考系调整到固定参考系，经两步过程实现，贡献为使漂流浮标观测与锚定Datawell浮标更一致，虽与NDBC浮标仍有差异。
AI 中文摘要
一次性波浪浮标的出现极大地扩展了可用于评估和校准波浪模型的数据。理想情况下，全球海洋中漂流的新型浮标应与锚定浮标的传统时间序列测量数据合并，形成一致的原位观测数据集。然而，对几种浮标类型（锚定的Datawell浮标、锚定的NDBC浮标和两种漂流浮标）的比较表明，观测到的波能谱高频部分（0.2至0.6Hz）存在很大差异。按风速分类时，锚定的Datawell浮标在高频尾部的能量比漂流浮标高1.2至1.6倍。其与数值波浪模型预测的高频能量水平也更吻合。差异的关键似乎在于观测的参考系。为验证这一假设，将谱从漂流参考系调整到固定参考系，这是一个两步过程，先将浮标观测频率转换到固有参考系以获取各频率的波数，再将漂流器观测谱进行多普勒频移到固定参考系。测试了两种估计浮标漂移的方法，一种基于风速，一种基于浮标位置。通过这种调整，漂流浮标的观测结果与锚定的Datawell浮标更一致，但与锚定的NDBC浮标仍存在差异。
英文摘要
The advent of expendable wave buoys has greatly expanded the data available for evaluating and calibrating wave models. Ideally, the newer buoys now drifting around the world's oceans would be merged with conventional time series measurements from moored buoys to form a consistent dataset of in situ observations. However, a comparison across several buoy types (moored Datawell, moored NDBC, and two types of drifting buoys) suggests large differences in the high frequency portion of the observed wave energy spectra (0.2 to 0.6 Hz). When binned by wind speed, the moored Datawell buoys have higher energy in the high frequency tail vs. drifting buoys, by factor 1.2 to 1.6. The moored Datawell buoys also have far better agreement with high-frequency energy levels predicted by a numerical wave model. The key to the difference appears to be the reference frame of the observations. To test this hypothesis, the spectra are adjusted from the drifting reference frame to the fixed reference frame. The adjustment is a two-step process, in which the buoy-observed frequencies are first shifted to an intrinsic reference frame, providing wavenumber at each frequency, and then the drifter-observed spectrum is Doppler shifted to the fixed reference frame. Two methods for estimation of buoy drift are tested; one is based on wind speed, and one is based on buoy positions. With this adjustment, the observations from the drifting buoys become more consistent with the moored Datawell buoys, though discrepancies still exist with the moored NDBC buoys.
