AI 中文总结
综述五十年对银河系、麦哲伦云及附近星系星团的紫外研究，涵盖多种观测手段，揭示了不同星团中致密伴星、恒星群体等情况，紫外观测已成为星团天体物理学基石，未来仍将发挥重要作用。
AI 中文摘要
紫外（UV）观测为塑造星团结构、演化和综合光的高温且演化后的恒星群体提供了有力窗口。因其对大质量主序星、蓝离散星（BSS）等敏感，能探测光学和红外波段无法触及的关键演化过程。本文综述了对银河系、麦哲伦云及附近星系星团的五十年紫外研究，涵盖早期太空任务、广域巡天和高分辨率成像结果。在银河疏散星团中揭示了致密伴星，确定了BSS等的质量转移起源；在球状星团中通过紫外敏感分子带识别了多个恒星群体等；在麦哲伦云中改变了对多种群体等的理解；在本星系群之外的星系团紫外研究限制了恒星形成历史等。总之，紫外观测是星团天体物理学的基石，未来任务将继续发挥作用。
英文摘要
Ultraviolet (UV) observations provide a powerful window into the hot and evolved stellar populations that shape the structure, evolution and integrated light of star clusters. Because UV wavelengths are highly sensitive to massive main-sequence stars, blue straggler stars (BSS), extreme-horizontal branch (HB) stars, post-HB stars, interacting binaries and compact remnants, they probe key evolutionary processes that are inaccessible at optical and infrared wavelengths. This review synthesises five decades of UV studies of star clusters across the Milky Way, the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) and nearby galaxies, drawing on results from early space missions, wide-field surveys, and high-resolution imaging. In Galactic open clusters, UV studies have revealed compact companions$-$including white dwarfs, hot subdwarfs and stripped stars$-$and have established the mass-transfer origins of BSS, Blue Lurkers and yellow stragglers. In globular clusters, UV imaging has identified multiple stellar populations through UV-sensitive molecular bands, probed helium enrichment and mapped HB morphologies. Wide-field UVIT surveys have extended HST studies with homogeneous catalogues of HB and post-HB stars across entire clusters. In the MCs, UV observations have transformed our understanding of multiple populations, rotation-driven extended main-sequence turn-offs and the UV-dim phenomenon, while spectroscopic surveys have constrained massive-star evolution, stellar winds and binarity at low metallicity. UV mapping of the Magellanic Bridge has revealed ongoing massive-star formation in low-density tidal environments. Beyond the Local Group, UV studies of extragalactic clusters constrain star-formation histories, stellar feedback and population synthesis across galactic environments. Collectively, UV observations now form a cornerstone of star cluster astrophysics and will continue to do so with upcoming missions.
CommentsAccepted for publication in Space Science Reviews (part of ISSI-Beijing Workshop collection: Space-based Stellar Astrophysics in the Ultraviolet)
