发表机构
Institute of Mathematical Sciences; Homi Bhabha National Institute; LifeSignals India Pvt Ltd; Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar（数学科学研究所; 霍米·巴巴国立学院; LifeSignals印度私人有限公司; 布巴内斯瓦尔物理研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
研究超相对论性固定靶重离子相互作用中短寿命强子的次级强子-核碰撞，通过考虑碰撞时空几何结构，确定可存活到第二次相互作用的强子及概率，发现高能量下更多短寿命强子可参与碰撞，为相关实验提供动力。
AI 中文摘要
超相对论性重核穿过固体靶时会经历由原子晶格间距分隔的连续核碰撞。在足够高的束流能量下，洛伦兹收缩将碰撞之间的固有时在第一次相互作用的质心系中减小到\(\mathcal{O}(10^4)\) fm/c。然后考虑第一次碰撞的碎裂区域，表明该区域产生的短寿命强子在额外的洛伦兹助推下可以在衰变前到达下一个核。这种几何结构使得能够进行涉及某些粒子种类的次级强子-核碰撞，这些粒子种类无法通过传统次级束或宇宙射线级联中的后续强子-核相互作用实现。对于能量为每核子\(2.76\) TeV的铅束入射到固体铅晶格上，确定了哪些向前产生的强子能够存活到第二次相互作用，估计了它们的碰撞概率，并分析了潜在的可观测后果。特别是，识别出一些固有寿命约为\(10^3\) fm/c的代表性强子，如特定介子（\(\eta^\prime\)）和重味共振（\(J/\psi\)，\(D^*(2010)\)）作为通过这种碰撞时空几何结构可及的射弹种类。在更高的束流能量下（例如每核子\(10\) TeV的铅束），存活概率显著提高。这使得寿命仅几十fm的短寿命强子（\(\Xi(1530)\)，\(\omega(782)\)，\(\phi(1020)\)）也可用于这种次级强子-核碰撞，为未来的超相对论性固定靶重离子实验提供了额外的动力。
英文摘要
Ultra-relativistic heavy nuclei traversing a solid target undergo successive nuclear encounters separated by atomic lattice spacings. At sufficiently high beam energies, Lorentz contraction reduces the proper time between collisions to $\mathcal{O}(10^4)$~fm$/c$ in the center-of-mass frame of the first interaction. We then consider the fragmentation region of this first collision, and show that short-lived hadrons produced in this region, with additional Lorentz boost, can reach the next nucleus before decaying. We show that this geometry enables secondary hadron--nucleus collisions involving species that cannot be realized as conventional secondary beams or in subsequent hadron--nucleus interactions in cosmic-ray cascades. For a $2.76$ TeV-per-nucleon Pb beam incident on a solid Pb lattice, we determine which forward-produced hadrons can survive to a second interaction, estimate their collision probabilities, and analyze potential observable consequences. In particular, we identify some representative hadrons whose proper lifetimes are of order $10^3$ fm/c, e.g. specific mesons ($η^\prime$) and heavy-flavor resonances ($J/ψ, D^*(2010)$), as projectile species that become accessible through this collision space-time geometry. At substantially higher beam energies (for example, with 10 TeV per-nucleon Pb beam), the survival probabilities are significantly enhanced. This can make even very short lived hadrons with life times of few tens fm ( $Ξ(1530)$, $ω(782)$, $ϕ(1020)$) available for this secondary hadron-nucleus collision, providing an additional motivation for future ultra-relativistic fixed-target heavy-ion experiments.
Comments6 pages. This version includes the effects of thermal vibrations of the target lattice, the conical angular spread of secondary hadrons, the beam--lattice orientation accuracy and an assessment of alternative lattice materials such as tungsten
Journal refPhys.Rev.C 114 (2026) 3, 034915
