AI 中文总结
研究黑洞合并直接波包络阻尼，通过计算复频率自旋-2、$\ell=m=2$的特克尔什基响应，经克尔屏蔽和源卷积，将局部表面引力尺度映射到无穷远处的有限窗口包络阻尼，得出其是视界-红移转移可观测值而非表面引力直接测量的结论。
AI 中文摘要
黑洞合并产生的直接波可能探测视界动力学，但其观测到的包络不必以克尔表面引力速率衰减。我们计算了由红移拉伸的近视界源驱动的复频率自旋-2、$\ell=m=2$的特克尔什基响应。通过克尔屏蔽和源卷积，该计算将局部表面引力尺度$\kappa$映射到在无穷远处测量的有限窗口包络阻尼$\gamma_{\rm eff}$。对于GW250114，此计算得出$\gamma_{\rm eff}/\kappa\simeq0.6$，或$\gamma_{\rm eff}\simeq0.4~{\rm ms}^{-1}$，与减去QNM后的残差以及H1-L1联合残差分析一致。不同源实现有不同结果，这些结果表明直接波包络阻尼是一种视界-红移转移可观测值，而非表面引力的直接测量。
英文摘要
Direct waves from black-hole mergers may probe horizon dynamics, but their observed envelopes need not decay at the Kerr surface-gravity rate. We compute the complex-frequency spin-$-2$, $\ell=m=2$ Teukolsky response and combine it with a finite-duration near-horizon source whose outgoing amplitude is suppressed by gravitational redshift. The screened Kerr response to this finite-duration source produces an observable envelope damping $\geff<\kap$. For GW250114, this corresponds to $\geff\simeq0.4~{\rm ms}^{-1}$, consistent with a joint H1--L1 analysis of QNM-subtracted residuals. As a consistency check, the GW231226 remnant parameters give $\geff\simeq0.31~{\rm ms}^{-1}$, compatible with the event's residual profile. These results identify direct-wave envelope damping as an observable of horizon-redshift transfer rather than a direct measurement of surface gravity.
Comments13 pages, 5 figures
