发表机构
Main Astronomical Observatory of the NAS of Ukraine; Institute of Astronomy, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University; International Centre for Astronomical, Medical, and Ecological Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine（乌克兰国家科学院主天文台; 瓦·尼·卡拉金哈尔科夫国立大学天体物理研究所; 乌克兰国家科学院国际天文、医学和生态研究中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究提出银河系近邻双胞胎（MWNeTs）概念，通过分层方法从演化相似性寻找银河系对应体，包含五个阶段及演化记忆概念，其框架建立了银河系与河外天文学的观测桥梁，助力寻找银河系的演化对应体。
AI 中文摘要
传统上寻找银河系类似物依赖于当前有限的一组全局属性的相似性，包括形态。但具有相似当前属性的星系可能有不同的组装历史等。我们引入银河系近邻双胞胎（MWNeTs），通过从基于参数的相似性转向演化相似性来重新寻找银河系最接近的河外对应体。提出了一个由五个阶段组成的分层方法，前四个阶段识别与银河系当前状态一致的星系，第五阶段用可比演化历史的独立特征测试相似性。还引入了演化记忆概念，其诊断方法包括综合光谱能量分布等多种。MWNeT框架建立了银河系和河外天文学之间的观测桥梁，支持未来寻找银河系最接近的演化对应体。
英文摘要
Searches for Milky Way analogues traditionally rely on a limited set of present-day global properties. However, galaxies with similar morphology, stellar mass, star-formation rate, luminosity, and bulge-to-total ratio may have experienced substantially different assembly, secular, nuclear, and environmental histories. We introduce Milky Way Near Twins (MWNeTs) as galaxies resembling the Milky Way (MW) in their present-day properties and exhibiting observational signatures consistent with broadly similar evolutionary pathways. We aim to extend parameter-based searches towards evolutionary similarity. We propose seven stages: local environment, isolation criterion, and cosmic-web context; morphological and structural constraints; a MW-compatible nuclear state; global spectrophotometric and dynamical constraints; panchromatic spectral-energy-distribution similarity; rotation-curve similarity; and evolutionary fingerprints and fossil tracers. Each stage adds physically motivated constraints, progressively refining the candidate population and strengthening its assessment. For the first time, we formulate MWNeTs as a physically motivated class and establish a hierarchy explicitly distinguishing present-day compatibility from evidence for evolutionary similarity. A companion paper presents the observational application to NGC~3521, NGC~2903, UGC~11487, and CGCG~047-026. The framework is inherently iterative: the MW provides the reference, while near twins offer external laboratories for investigating aspects of Galactic formation and evolution inaccessible from our internal viewpoint. It connects Galactic astronomy, extragalactic astronomy, and cosmology through a comparative approach to testing broadly similar evolutionary pathways.
Comments19 pages, submited to A&A
