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arXiv 2607.08081astro-ph.IMastro-ph.SR

稳健异方差矩阵分解:主成分分析的一种推广,可标记异常值并处理缺失数据

Robust Heteroskedastic Matrix Factorization: A Generalization of PCA that Flags Outliers and Handles Missing Data

Thomas Hilder, David W. Hogg, Andrew R. Casey, Hans-Walter Rix

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中文总结 AI 辅助

本文提出稳健异方差矩阵分解(RHMF),它是PCA的推广,能处理异常值、缺失数据等。利用迭代重加权算法,给出快速JAX实现。通过交叉验证设置超参数,应用于盖亚DR3光谱找异常主序星,展示了识别和减轻异常值的能力。

中文摘要 AI 辅助

我们提出了稳健异方差矩阵分解(RHMF),它是主成分分析(PCA)的一种推广,对异常值具有鲁棒性,能处理每个特征的不确定性和缺失数据,并自动标记每个特征和每个对象的异常。RHMF在恢复未受不良数据或异常破坏的低维嵌入以及识别这些异常方面都很有用。它利用一种迭代重加权算法,该算法隐含地最大化学生t似然。这允许一种等效的概率解释,即拟合具有每个数据点潜在方差的层次模型。我们提供了一个快速的JAX实现Robusta - HMF以及给用户的实用指南。我们展示了该模型识别和减轻不同类异常值的能力。识别准确率取决于超参数的选择,但我们表明可以通过交叉验证可靠地设置这些超参数。我们还将RHMF应用于盖亚DR3的RVS光谱,以在颜色 - 星等空间中找到相对于其邻居异常的主序星。我们突出了具体例子,包括一个已知的包含Be星的双星,以及在Ca II三线系中有微妙发射的M矮星,这表明有吸积或磁活动,肉眼很难识别。

英文摘要

We present Robust Heteroskedastic Matrix Factorization (RHMF), a generalization of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) that is robust to outliers, handles per-feature uncertainties and missing data, and automatically flags per-feature and per-object anomalies. RHMF is useful both in recovering a low-dimensional embedding unspoiled by bad data or anomalies, and in identifying those anomalies. It utilises an iterative reweighting algorithm that implicitly maximizes a Student-t likelihood. This admits an equivalent probabilistic interpretation as fitting a hierarchical model with per-data-point latent variances. We deliver a fast JAX implementation, Robusta-HMF, and practical guidance for users. We demonstrate the ability of the model to identify and mitigate outliers of different classes. Identification accuracy is contingent on the choice of hyperparameters, but we show that these can be set reliably by cross-validation. We also apply RHMF to RVS spectra from Gaia DR3 to find main-sequence stars that are strange relative to their neighbors in color-magnitude space. We highlight specific examples, including a known binary hosting a Be star, and M-dwarfs with subtle emission in the Ca II triplet lines, indicative of accretion or magnetic activity, which would not be obvious to identify by eye.

发表机构

  • Monash University(莫纳什大学)
  • New York University(纽约大学)
  • Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所)
  • Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute(Flatiron研究所计算天体物理中心)

机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。

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