AI 中文总结
研究质子质量胶子起源问题，通过标量引力形状因子进行实验探测，利用三个可测量量重构质子的标量胶子迹形状因子，结果与晶格QCD和瞬子液体模型定量一致，为探索可见质量胶子起源提供直接实验路径。
AI 中文摘要
质子质量大部分并非源于希格斯机制，而是来自量子色动力学（QCD）真空的量子结构。主要贡献源于与量子色动力学中保形对称性破缺相关的胶子迹反常。我们表明，这种反常贡献可通过标量引力形状因子进行实验探测。关键可观测量是质子的标量胶子迹形状因子，可由三个可测量量重构：深度非弹性康普顿散射中可获取的夸克标量引力形状因子、近阈重夸克偶素产生中可测量的胶子标量引力形状因子以及核子西格玛项形状因子。我们还表明，从迹反常提取的标量胶子形状因子在强子距离尺度上与晶格QCD和瞬子液体模型在定量上一致。这些结果为探索可见质量的胶子起源提供了直接实验途径。
英文摘要
Most of the proton mass originates not from the Higgs mechanism but from the quantum structure of the QCD vacuum. The dominant contribution arises from the gluonic trace anomaly associated with the breaking of conformal symmetry in quantum chromodynamics. We show that this anomaly contribution is experimentally accessible through scalar gravitational form factors. The key observable is the scalar gluonic trace form factor of the proton, which can be reconstructed from three measurable quantities: the quark scalar gravitational form factor accessible in deeply virtual Compton scattering, the gluon scalar gravitational form factor measurable in near-threshold heavy quarkonium production, and the nucleon sigma-term form factor. We also show that the scalar gluonic form factor extracted from the trace anomaly is quantitatively consistent with lattice QCD and the instanton liquid model over hadronic distance scales. These results provide a direct experimental path to probing the gluonic origin of visible mass.
Comments5 pages, 2 figures
