AI 中文总结
综述基于空间和月球的干涉测量的两条平台途径，包括自由飞行和月球表面干涉仪等。阐述科学目标与波长、分辨率等的关系及共享技术，总结各方面途径，并提及未来十年在探路者任务顺序、技术和资金模式等方面的决策。
AI 中文摘要
基于空间和月球的干涉测量正从设想迈向具体的任务研究、探路者任务和分阶段架构的阶段。本特邀综述探讨了两条主要平台途径：自由飞行和月球表面干涉仪，以及结构连接设计和混合空间甚长基线干涉阵列。文中追溯了科学目标如何设定波长范围和角分辨率，进而确定基线、架构和实施风险。如LIFE等中红外消零概念通过热发射光谱法探测类地系外行星；月球背面射电阵列（FARSIDE、FarView）从太阳系内部唯一的射电宁静站点开启对低频宇宙的观测；月球紫外/光学概念（启用阿耳忒弥斯计划的恒星成像仪、MoonLITE）重新审视恒星表面成像，并为可居住世界天文台目标选择所需的动态质量的微角秒天体测量开辟道路；远红外干涉仪（SPIRIT/SPICE）、空间甚长基线干涉测量（BHEX）和X射线概念将观测范围扩展到行星形成、高红移星系和黑洞物理；月球激光干涉测量（LILA）将月球平台应用于中频引力波，测量应变而非角位置。在这个范围内，这些概念共享一些使能技术，如精确编队飞行、绝对计量、光束组合与消零、低温技术和自主部署，这些技术主要作为旗舰项目的副产品而成熟，这种动态变化越来越决定哪些概念能够成为任务。作者总结了在基线、波长、科学回报、部署策略和风险方面的途径，并以未来十年的决策作为结尾：探路者任务的顺序、技术高峰以及能够将技术从实验室演示推进到飞行准备状态的资金模式。
英文摘要
Space- and lunar-based interferometry are moving from aspiration toward a concrete landscape of mission studies, pathfinders, and staged architectures. This invited review surveys that landscape across two principal platform pathways: free-flying and lunar-surface interferometers - plus structurally connected designs and hybrid space-VLBI arrays. I trace how the science target sets the wavelength regime and angular resolution, which in turn fix the baseline, architecture, and implementation risk. Mid-infrared nulling concepts such as LIFE target temperate exoplanets through thermal-emission spectroscopy; lunar far-side radio arrays (FARSIDE, FarView) open the low-frequency Universe from the only radio-quiet site in the inner Solar System; lunar UV/optical concepts (Artemis-enabled Stellar Imager, MoonLITE) revisit imaging of stellar surfaces and open a path to microarcsecond astrometry for the dynamical masses that Habitable Worlds Observatory target selection requires; far-infrared interferometers (SPIRIT/SPICE), space VLBI (BHEX), and X-ray concepts extend the reach to planet formation, high-redshift galaxies, and black-hole physics; and lunar laser interferometry (LILA) applies the lunar platform to mid-band gravitational waves, measuring strain rather than angular position. Across this range, the concepts share enabling technologies - precision formation flying, absolute metrology, beam combination and nulling, cryogenics, and autonomous deployment - maturing largely as byproducts of flagship programs, a dynamic that increasingly governs which concepts become missions. I summarize the pathways in baseline, wavelength, science return, deployment strategy, and risk, and close with the decisions of the coming decade: pathfinder sequencing, technology tall poles, and the funding models that can carry technologies from laboratory demonstration to flight readiness.
CommentsInvited review. To appear in Proceedings of SPIE, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2026. 21 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. v2: two schematic summary figures added (Appendix A), wavelength-baseline map moved to main text
