室温无反转金刚石氮空位电子自旋微波激射器
Room-temperature inversionless diamond nitrogen-vacancy electronic spin maser
AI总结：
该研究提出利用金刚石中带负电的氮空位电子自旋系综创建室温微波激射器的方法。通过施加垂直直流磁场产生叠加态驱动跃迁，建模并经数值估计可实现无反转微波激射，其输出强度可用于磁场传感，为室温NV微波激射器应用开辟新方向。
摘要：
我们提出一种方法，利用金刚石中带负电的氮空位电子自旋（NV）系综，在约2.9GHz频率下创建室温微波激射器，无需粒子数反转。该方法考虑沿NV自旋系综公共轴垂直方向施加几毫特斯拉（mT）的直流磁场，此垂直磁场产生NV自旋基态三重态能级的\(|m_{\mathrm{s}}=-1\rangle\)和\(|m_{\mathrm{s}}=+1\rangle\)叠加态，从而驱动NV自旋基态的所有三个跃迁。我们通过纳入NV自旋的光泵浦、两个跃迁的近共振驱动以及将第三个跃迁耦合到近共振微波谐振器来对系统建模。使用实验可实现参数的数值估计表明，用我们的方法可在微波谐振器内实现无反转微波激射。作为应用，我们表明无反转微波激射器（\(1.1\times10^{14}\)个自旋）的输出强度可用于磁场传感，直流灵敏度约为一百皮特斯拉/根号赫兹。我们的研究为室温金刚石NV微波激射器器件开辟了一个新方向，用于量子技术应用，无需传统NV金刚石微波激射器所需的强偏置磁场。
英文摘要：
We propose a method to create a room-temperature maser operating at approximately 2.9~GHz frequency using an ensemble of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy electronic spins (NV) in diamond, without requiring population inversion. Our method considers a DC magnetic field of a few milli-Tesla (mT) applied along the perpendicular direction of an ensemble of NV spins aligned along a common axis. This perpendicular magnetic-field creates superposition states of $|m_{\mathrm{s}}=-1\rangle$ and $|m_{\mathrm{s}}=+1\rangle$ of the NV spin's ground state triplet levels and thereby makes it possible to drive all three transitions in the NV spin ground state. We model the system by including optical pumping of the NV spins, near-resonant driving of two transitions, and coupling the third transition to a near-resonant microwave resonator. Numerical estimates using experimentally realizable parameters show that inversionless masing can be achieved inside the microwave resonator using our method. As an application, we show that the output intensity of an inversionless maser ($1.1\times10^{14}$ spins) can be used for magnetic field sensing with a DC sensitivity on the order of a hundred pT/$\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$. Our study opens a new direction in room-temperature diamond NV maser devices for quantum technological applications without the requirement of a strong bias magnetic field, as in conventional NV diamond masers.
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