用盐稳定蒸发的肥皂膜
Stabilising Evaporating Soap Films with Salt
AI总结：
研究高浓度氯化钠对TTAB垂直肥皂膜的影响，通过实验观察膜寿命、厚度变化等，发现盐能增强膜稳定性，使膜在约5nm处形成牛顿黑膜，揭示了盐对肥皂膜稳定的作用机制。
摘要：
我们研究了在受控湿度条件下，从浴中取出的高浓度（32.5 g.L⁻¹）氯化钠（NaCl）对十四烷基三甲基溴化铵（TTAB）垂直肥皂膜（也称为泡沫膜）的影响。我们观察到，无论有无盐，膜寿命都随相对湿度增加。在任何给定湿度下，NaCl的存在都会系统性地增强膜稳定性。我们的膜厚度测量表明，有盐和无盐时的变薄动力学在100 nm以下几乎相同。低于该厚度，蒸发效应可通过恒定蒸发速率来解释，在膜厚度低于400 nm时，该速率与排水速率相比不可忽略。盐的主要作用是在约5 nm厚度处稳定牛顿黑膜，而无盐时，膜在达到约10 nm的临界厚度时破裂。
英文摘要：
We investigate the effect of a high concentration (32.5 g.L$^{-1}$) of sodium chloride (NaCl) on TTAB (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide) vertical soap films also called foam films, pulled out of a bath under controlled humidity conditions. We observe that the film lifetime increases with relative humidity, both in the presence and absence of salt. At any given humidity, the presence of NaCl systematically enhances film stability. Our film thickness measurements show that the thinning dynamics with or without salt are nearly identical down to 100 nm. Down to that thickness, the effect of evaporation can be rationalised by a constant evaporation rate, which becomes non-negligible compared to the drainage rate at film thicknesses below 400 nm. The main effect of salt is the stabilisation of a Newton black film at a thickness of approximately 5~nm, whereas in the absence of salt, the film ruptures upon reaching a critical thickness of about 10 nm.
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