发表机构
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM); University of Basel（国王法赫德国立石油与矿产大学; 巴塞尔大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对数据中心和AI应用能源需求问题，提出在自旋量子点阵列中用相干自旋动力学实现经典可逆逻辑，以酉旋转取代不可逆开关，构建iToffoli门，模拟重现真值表，该硬件具双重用途，降低了门能量。
AI 中文摘要
数据中心和人工智能应用带来的能源需求增长，重新引发了对可逆计算的兴趣，在可逆计算中，如果信息可被消除，逻辑操作无需在每一步都耗散热量。目前的实现方式是经典的：绝热CMOS通过减缓电荷运动来减少功耗，但仍受晶体管阈值物理的限制。本文提出在自旋量子点阵列中通过相干自旋动力学实现经典可逆逻辑，输入和输出为经典基态，不使用叠加算法。相同的自旋进行存储、传输和计算，用酉旋转取代不可逆开关。通用构建块是由直流电压脉冲和Ge/Si空穴自旋中的各向异性交换驱动的iToffoli门。用实验参数进行的模拟重现了Toffoli真值表，并产生了可测试的误差态势。由于穿梭传输在不进行测量的情况下传输比特，逻辑和数据移动在读出之前保持可逆。飞法电容门上的毫伏脉冲产生的门能量低于4K的朗道尺度，比有（无）4K冷却开销的室温CMOS Toffoli低约五个（八个）数量级。因此，相同的半导体硬件具有双重用途，叠加时支持量子算法，否则支持经典可逆逻辑。
英文摘要
Rising energy demand from data-center and AI applications has renewed interest in reversible computation, where logic need not dissipate heat at every step if information is uncomputed. Implementations have so far been classical: adiabatic CMOS recovers part of the switching energy but still moves thousands of $k_BT$ per logic node at room temperature. Here we propose classical reversible logic implemented by coherent spin dynamics in a spin quantum-dot array, with inputs and outputs in classical basis states and no algorithmic use of superposition. The same spin stores, transports, and computes, with unitary rotation replacing irreversible switching. The universal building block is an iToffoli gate driven by DC voltage pulses and exchange between hole spins in Ge/SiGe quantum dots. Simulations with realistic model parameters reproduce the Toffoli truth table and yield a testable error landscape. Because shuttling transports the bit without measurement, logic and data movement remain unitary until readout. Millivolt pulses on femtofarad gates with superconducting lines dissipate only dielectric loss and have no thermodynamic floor. With the loss parameters assumed for a demonstrated device the gate energy is $\sim 10^{2}\,k_BT\ln 2$ at 4 K; at a design point within reach of existing devices it can fall below the Landauer scale $k_BT\ln 2$, five to seven orders of magnitude less than a CMOS Toffoli. The same semiconductor hardware therefore serves both purposes, supporting quantum algorithms when superposition is used and classical reversible logic otherwise.
Comments59-page Supplementary Information attached as ancillary file. v4: corrects an error in the energy calibration of v3; the sub-Landauer gate energy is now a design point with stated conditions
