发表机构
PSI Center for Neutron and Muon Sciences; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Manchester（瑞士保罗谢勒研究所中子与μ子科学中心; 坎普尔印度理工学院; 曼彻斯特大学物理与天文学系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
研究 Polyakov 圈贡献对电弱相变的影响，通过在微扰方法中纳入其非微扰贡献，发现会影响热有效势，不利于一阶相变，该特征对费米子和玻色子贡献均普遍。
AI 中文摘要
我们估计了 Polyakov 圈（PL）贡献对电弱相变（PTs）的影响。我们表明，在热规范场理论中不可避免的 PL 倾向于抑制热贡献，从而软化电弱 PTs 并影响泡动力学、成核以及相关的引力波谱。在微扰方法中包含这种非微扰贡献会导致热有效势，相比于二阶 PTs 或平滑交叉，它不利于一阶 PTs。这一特征对于有效势的费米子和玻色子贡献都是普遍的。
英文摘要
We estimate the impact of Polyakov loop (PL) contributions on electroweak phase transitions (PTs). We show that the PL, which is unavoidable in thermal gauge field theory, tends to tame thermal contributions, thereby softening electroweak PTs and affecting bubble dynamics, nucleation, and the related gravitational-wave spectrum. Including this non-perturbative contribution in perturbative approaches results in a thermal effective potential that disfavours first-order PTs over either second-order PTs or smooth cross-overs. This feature is universal for both fermionic and bosonic contributions to the effective potential.
Comments22 pages, 4 figures, version published in PRD
Journal refPhys. Rev. D 114, 056031 (2026)
