发表机构
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Grupo de Investigación Ingeniería de Organización y Logística (IOL), Departamento de Ingeniería de Organización, Administración de Empresas y Estadística, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC)（马德里理工大学; 马德里理工大学工业工程师高等学院组织工程、企业管理与统计学系组织工程与物流研究组（IOL）; 复杂系统跨学科研究组（GISC））
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
研究探讨多重网络中远程社会压力对合作的影响，通过耦合囚徒困境与警惕级联，发现扩展社会警惕范围能促进合作，在稀疏网络效果显著，在密集网络依赖影响衰减速度，表明适度扩展社会意识可重塑合作行为格局。
AI 中文摘要
社会压力是人类社会亲社会行为的基本驱动力。以往通常认为只有直接邻居会对个体施加警惕压力，然而有证据表明社会影响至少能持续到三度分隔。本文通过将多重网络一层的囚徒困境与另一层的警惕级联相耦合，发现将社会警惕范围扩展到直接邻居之外能显著促进合作。在稀疏网络中，将警惕扩展到第二影响圈会使背叛的临界诱惑改变近30%，扩展到四个圈子则使阈值提高超50%。这种效应在稀疏拓扑中最强，在密集、中心主导网络中则强烈依赖影响随距离的衰减速度。结果表明，即使是适度扩展社会意识，如在线社交平台带来的扩展，也能显著重塑人类群体中合作行为的格局。
英文摘要
Social pressure---the awareness of being observed by others---is a fundamental driver of prosocial behavior in human societies. Yet it is typically assumed that only direct neighbors exert vigilance pressure on an individual, despite empirical evidence that social influence persists to at least three degrees of separation. Here we show that extending the reach of social vigilance beyond direct neighbors substantially promotes cooperation. We couple a Prisoner's Dilemma on one layer of a multiplex network to a vigilance cascade on the other, with influence decaying geometrically with network distance. Extending vigilance to just the second circle of influence ($L=2$) shifts the critical temptation for defection by roughly 36\% in sparse Erdős--Rényi networks. Extending to four circles ($L=4$) raises this threshold by over 50\% in the same networks. Both shifts are topology dependent: the $L=1\to2$ step alone already accounts for most of the gain in these sparse networks, whereas the pattern is more gradual in denser, hub-dominated Barabási--Albert networks, consistent with the decay coefficients of social influence reported in controlled experiments. The effect is strongest in sparse networks, requires that the vigilance and game layers be aligned, and reproduces directly on a real social network of physicians; in dense, hub-dominated networks the gain instead depends sharply on how fast influence decays with distance, switching between weak and strong cooperation as the decay rate crosses a threshold. Our results strongly suggest that even modest expansions of social awareness---such as those enabled by online social platforms---can substantially reshape the landscape of cooperative behavior in human populations.
