发表机构
University of Hong Kong; The Hong Kong Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Hong Kong; Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong（香港大学; 香港大学天体物理研究所; 香港大学深圳研究院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
研究中等质量黑洞对白矮星潮汐瓦解事件，建立吸积盘模型，考虑多种因素。该模型能产生多种辐射，包括热电磁、MeV中微子等，还能估计引力波爆发，推动多信使协同搜索，为研究此类事件提供多方面视角。
AI 中文摘要
白矮星（WD）潮汐瓦解事件（TDEs）为中等质量黑洞（IMBHs）提供了一个独特的观测窗口。我们将在两篇论文中呈现这些系统的多信使观测情况。在本文中，我们为WD - TDEs建立了一个吸积盘模型，其中束缚碎片以极高的超爱丁顿速率吸积，比典型（主序星）TDEs高约\(10^5\) - \(10^9\)倍。该模型包括磁压力、核燃烧加热、风质量损失以及通过\(e^{\pm}\)对湮灭产生中微子。在如此高的吸积速率下，内流的气体和辐射温度可达到\(T\gtrsim 10^9\,\mathrm{K}\)，从而能够大量产生对并发射MeV中微子。我们发现，在广泛的吸积速率范围内，盘主要由对流主导，而盘风可部分冷却气流并降低内部温度。预测的热电磁发射在超爱丁顿 regime 中对回落速率几乎不敏感：光度仅略超过IMBH爱丁顿光度，光谱峰值在\(\sim 0.1\) - \(1\,\mathrm{keV}\)，这意味着可以用当前的X射线设施如爱因斯坦探针进行探测。对于低质量IMBHs（\(\sim 10^3\,M_{\odot}\)），盘还可以为ONeMg WD - TDEs产生高达\(\sim 10^{47}\,\mathrm{erg\,s^{-1}}\)的MeV中微子爆发，尽管用当前的中微子探测器（如超级神冈和JUNO）探测仅限于银河系距离。最后，我们估计了在瓦解前最后通过期间产生的引力波爆发，其峰值在\(\sim 0.1\) - \(1\,\mathrm{Hz}\)，这使得WD - TDEs处于提议的分赫兹探测器的目标频段，并推动了引力波+电磁+中微子的协同搜索。我们还首次探索了来自进动的WD - TDE盘的引力波；这个信号要弱得多，对于这些任务，探测视界\(\lesssim 1\,\mathrm{Mpc}\)。
英文摘要
White dwarf (WD) tidal disruption events (TDEs) provide a unique window onto intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs). We present a multi-messenger view of these systems in two papers. In this paper, we develop an accretion-disk model for WD--TDEs in which the bound debris accretes at extremely super-Eddington rates, $\sim 10^5$--$10^9$ times higher than in typical (main-sequence) TDEs. The model includes magnetic pressure, nuclear-burning heating, wind mass loss, and neutrino production via $e^{\pm}$ pair annihilation. At such high accretion rates, the gas and radiation temperatures of the inner flow can reach $T\gtrsim 10^9\,\mathrm{K}$, enabling prolific pair production and MeV neutrino emission. We find that the disk is predominantly advection dominated over a broad range of accretion rates, while disk winds can partially cool the flow and reduce the inner temperature. The predicted thermal EM emission is nearly insensitive to the fallback rate in the super-Eddington regime: the luminosity only mildly exceeds the IMBH Eddington luminosity and the spectrum peaks at $\sim 0.1$--$1\,\mathrm{keV}$, implying detectability with current X-ray facilities such as Einstein Probe. For low-mass IMBHs ($\sim 10^3\,M_{\odot}$), the disk can also produce a burst of MeV neutrinos with luminosities up to $\sim 10^{47}\,\mathrm{erg\,s^{-1}}$ for ONeMg WD--TDEs, although detectability with current neutrino detectors (e.g., Super-Kamiokande and JUNO) is limited to Galactic distances. Finally, we estimate the GW burst produced during the final passage prior to disruption, which peaks at $\sim 0.1$--$1\,\mathrm{Hz}$, placing WD--TDEs in the target band of proposed decihertz detectors and motivating coordinated GW+EM+neutrino searches. We also present a first exploration of GWs from a precessing WD--TDE disk; this signal is much weaker, with a detection horizon $\lesssim 1\,\mathrm{Mpc}$ for these missions.
Comments25 pages, 22 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
