AI 中文总结
研究单独发声会招致报复时观点不被表达的问题，将其作为安全联盟形成问题。提出公开组织要步步保持安全，社会保证合同在目的地保证安全并通过保密承诺实现，指出失败隐私的必要性。
AI 中文摘要
当单独发声会招致报复时，广泛持有的观点可能就不会被表达出来。本文将这种沉默重塑为安全联盟形成的问题。当安全来自于人数时，存在一个能够安全发声的最大群体。公开组织必须在每一步都保持安全，从而形成一连串的发声，但在达到那个最大群体之前就停止了。社会保证合同只在目的地需要安全，通过在足够多的人加入之前保持承诺私密来实现：这是通往最大安全群体的一条通道。如果没有成员会后悔加入，那么这种失败隐私是必要的，而不仅仅是充分的。
英文摘要
Controversial views often go unspoken because of fears of retaliation. Speaking up one at a time may encourage others to join in, but retaliation against early participants can stop that cascade before a group large enough to protect itself forms. However, a sufficiently large group could speak up safely if only they spoke up together. A Social Assurance Contract collects endorsements of a controversial view in private and publishes them only when the group is large enough to protect itself. Such contracts can tunnel under the barrier that stops public cascades, forming coalitions that one-by-one public organizing cannot reach.
