发表机构
Tsinghua University（清华大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
介绍NormWorlds-CF用于可执行规则世界的反事实规范推理，其求解器能产生多种结果用于监督评估。通过实验对比不同奖励机制对任务的影响，显示验证的反事实结构可影响训练后表现。
AI 中文摘要
语言模型可能因错误原因得出正确规范结论。我们引入NormWorlds-CF，用于可执行规则世界中反事实规范推理的求解器验证环境。其确定性求解器产生最终答案、证明和证伪证书等。基准测试含阶段性SFT诊断和紧凑配对世界任务。实验表明不同奖励机制各有优劣，验证的反事实结构能影响训练后表现。
英文摘要
Language models can reach the right normative verdict for the wrong reason. We introduce NormWorlds-CF, a solver-verified environment for counterfactual normative reasoning in executable rule worlds. Its deterministic solver produces final answers, proof and falsification certificates, argument statuses, support sets, and paired-world change labels, enabling supervision and evaluation without LLM judges. The benchmark contains staged SFT diagnostics and a compact paired-world task with 270 root families and 1080 canonical-to-variant pairs. The SFT diagnostics show that final-answer supervision can saturate verdict accuracy without inducing falsification competence: answer-only SFT reaches perfect answer accuracy but scores zero on joint falsification certificates, while full-mix training with targeted replay reaches strong all-task accuracy (0.99). For the structured-change task, we introduce metamorphic-relation GRPO (MR-GRPO), a class-conditioned reward for GRPO that gives partial credit for relation families and solver-visible change fields. In matched Qwen3-1.7B continuation experiments, MR-GRPO improves held-out relation accuracy and relation-family correctness, and reduces wrong-family error, compared to sparse and answer-only GRPO. In Qwen3-4B three-seed validation, sparse reward preserves coarse relation labels best, answer-only reward improves answer-change but weakens relation-family structure, and MR-GRPO leads on answer-, support-, and status-change fields as well as class-conditioned MR and change-presence. These results show that verified counterfactual structure can shape post-training beyond final answers, while exact full change-record generation, invariant subtype recognition, and out-of-distribution (OOD) transfer remain open problems.
