AI 中文总结
利用准局域引力热力学在渐近平直时空中构建可逆黑洞热机，将史瓦西黑洞置于有限球腔，以腔边界对偶热系统为工作物质，推导多种热机效率并比较，其效率可探究黑洞准局域状态方程。
AI 中文摘要
我们使用准局域引力热力学在渐近平直时空中构建可逆黑洞热机。我们将一个史瓦西黑洞封闭在一个有限的球腔中，并将工作物质与腔边界上的对偶热系统识别出来。表面压力和边界面积在对偶系统中定义了一个热力学压力 - 体积对，而引力理论的所有耦合常数保持固定。我们推导了卡诺、奥托、柴油、布雷顿和斯特林发动机的精确效率，并对它们进行了数值比较。这些效率探测了黑洞的准局域状态方程。再生斯特林效率仍然非常接近卡诺界限，并在高温极限下趋近于它。
英文摘要
We construct reversible black hole heat engines in asymptotically flat spacetime using quasi-local gravitational thermodynamics. We enclose a Schwarzschild black hole in a finite spherical cavity and identify the working substance with the holographically dual thermal system on the cavity boundary. The surface pressure and the boundary area define a thermodynamic pressure-volume pair, while all coupling constants of the gravitational theory remain fixed. We derive exact efficiencies for the Carnot, Otto, Diesel, Brayton, and Stirling engines and compare them numerically. The non-Carnot efficiencies probe the quasi-local equations of state of the Schwarzschild black hole. Both the regenerative and non-regenerative Stirling efficiencies on the large black hole branch approach the Carnot value in the high-temperature limit, with regeneration reducing the leading deviation from the Carnot bound.
Comments26 pages, 17 figures, v2: revised the treatment of the regenerative Stirling cycle and branch-dependent efficiencies, updated figures and captions, main conclusions unchanged
