发表机构
University of California, Davis; University of Oregon; Radix DLT Ltd.（加州大学戴维斯分校; 俄勒冈大学; Radix DLT有限公司）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
研究在分布式系统中，复制数据库和许可区块链系统依赖拜占庭容错共识维持事务全局一致性顺序的问题。提出Cassandra协议，通过两层认证框架实现部分进度且不牺牲安全性，评估显示其性能良好。
AI 中文摘要
复制数据库和许可区块链系统依靠拜占庭容错（BFT）共识来维持跨分布式副本的事务全局一致顺序。这些协议即使在异步情况下也能保持安全性，但在网络分区时会失去活性。本文提出Cassandra共识协议，通过两层认证框架实现部分进度且不牺牲安全性，引入起搏器推进视图，评估结果表明其性能良好。
英文摘要
Replicated databases and permissioned blockchains rely on Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (BFT) consensus to maintain a consistent order of transactions across replicas. These protocols preserve safety even under asynchrony, as they commit a transaction only after agreement among a strong quorum of replicas. During network partitions, however, when no strong quorum is reachable, they lose liveness and cannot make useful progress. In this paper, we present Cassandra, a consensus protocol that enables partial progress without sacrificing safety. Cassandra achieves this through a two-tier certification framework that decouples availability from commitment, allowing each partition to extend its own chain and reconcile these chains once the network is restored. To support this, Cassandra introduces a pacemaker that advances views without requiring a strong quorum and calibrates each replica's timeout off the critical path. Our evaluation results show that Cassandra remains competitive with state-of-the-art BFT protocols under stable conditions, sustaining 900K TPS at 16 replicas and 480K TPS at 104 replicas, with latency ranging from 0.31s at 16 replicas to 0.75s at 104 replicas. Under severe partitions, Cassandra maintains non-zero speculative throughput through PoA-backed progress, preserving work that can be reconciled once connectivity is restored.
