南鱼座β星是一颗几乎从极向观测到的快速旋转恒星
The Debris Disk Host $β$ Piscis Austrinus is a Rapidly Rotating Star Seen Nearly Pole-On
AI总结：
研究利用光谱合成代码对南鱼座β星光谱建模，确定其倾角和光球性质，分析表明该星极向观测且快速旋转致重力暗化，还给出其质量、年龄等，验证方法并展示光谱识别和测定此类恒星属性的潜力。
摘要：
先前对南鱼座β星（PsA）的研究推测其某些弱金属线的狭窄和鞍状形状是由于它是一颗几乎从极向观测到的快速旋转恒星。在此，我们使用fastrot - spec光谱合成代码对南鱼座β星的高色散（R = 115,000）HARPS光谱进行建模，以确定其倾角和光球性质……
英文摘要：
Previous studies of $β$ Piscis Austrinus (PsA) have speculated that the narrow and saddle-like shapes of some of its weak metallic lines are a consequence of it being a rapidly rotating star viewed nearly pole-on. Here we use the \texttt{fastrot-spec} spectral synthesis code to model high-dispersion (R = 115,000) HARPS spectra of $β$ PsA in order to determine its inclination and photospheric properties, with additional constraints on the surface temperature set by measures of Fe II/Fe I line ratios. The analysis confirms that $β$ PsA is oriented nearly pole-on ($i = 4.75^{+0.75}_{-0.50}$$^o$) and experiences substantial gravity darkening caused by its rapid rotation ($Ω/Ω_{crit}=0.93\pm0.17$). $β$ PsA has a polar temperature of $10300^{+200}_{-250}$ K that is 24% hotter than its equatorial temperature ($8275^{+317}_{-400}$ K). This results in its apparent luminosity being 48% larger than its actual luminosity of 26.2$^{+1.9}_{-2.4}$ L$_\odot$. When this methodology is applied to high-dispersion spectra of the star Vega, the analysis determines a nearly pole-on orientation that is consistent with interferometric measurements, validating the technique. Based on comparisons with PARSEC evolutionary models of stars rotating at similar velocities, $β$ PsA has a mass of $2.20\pm0.03$ M$_{\odot}$ and an age of $141^{+113}_{-49}$ Myr; this age is consistent with the age inferred for its G5V companion star, CD-32 17127, based on lithium depletion models. The analysis demonstrates the potential for both identifying and determining the stellar properties of rapidly rotating stars viewed nearly pole-on via spectroscopy alone.
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