AI 中文总结
基于含时薛定谔方程框架，模拟底偶素和粲偶素在热QCD介质中的实时演化，成功描述了p-Pb碰撞中激发态与基态产额比随带电粒子多重数的压低，并统一解释了Pb-Pb碰撞中的底偶素核修正因子，表明产额比可作为小碰撞系统中热QCD介质的干净探针。
AI 中文摘要
不同重夸克偶素态的产额比是相对论性核碰撞中末态相互作用的灵敏探针，因为它们能有效抵消常见的冷核物质效应。为了量化小碰撞系统（如质子-核碰撞）中的热QCD介质效应，我们采用含时薛定谔方程框架，在存在介质中复重夸克势的情况下，一致地模拟底偶素和粲偶素态的实时演化。在$\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=8.16$ TeV的$p$-Pb碰撞中，我们的模型成功描述了观测到的激发态与基态产额比（具体为$\Upsilon(nS)/\Upsilon(1S)$和$\psi(2S)/J/\psi$）随带电粒子多重数的压低。这一一致性支持了小碰撞系统中瞬态热QCD介质的形成。此外，该框架被用于研究$\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV Pb-Pb碰撞中底偶素核修正因子的比值，其中热介质效应更强。通过建立跨两种不同重夸克味和不同碰撞系统的统一描述，我们的研究表明底偶素态的产额比可作为小碰撞系统中产生的热QCD介质的干净探针。
英文摘要
The yield ratios of different heavy-quarkonium states serve as sensitive probes of final-state interactions in relativistic nuclear collisions, because common cold-nuclear-matter effects are expected to be substantially reduced in these ratios. To quantify hot QCD medium effects in small collision systems, such as proton-nucleus collisions, we employ a time-dependent Schrodinger equation framework to consistently simulate the real-time evolution of both bottomonium and charmonium states in the presence of in-medium complex heavy-quark potentials. In p-Pb collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 8.16 TeV, our model successfully describes the observed suppression in the yield ratios of excited-to-ground states, specifically Upsilon(nS)/Upsilon(1S) and psi(2S)/J/psi, as a function of charged-particle multiplicity. This agreement supports the formation of a transient, hot QCD medium in small systems. Furthermore, the framework is employed to study the ratio of bottomonium nuclear modification factors in sqrt(sNN) = 5.02 TeV Pb-Pb collisions, where hot medium effects become stronger. By establishing a unified description across two distinct heavy-quark flavors and different collision systems, our study indicates that the yield ratio of bottomonium states serves as a comparatively clean probe of the hot QCD medium generated in small collision systems.
Comments7 pages,5 figures
