子系接受方法3.0：精确守恒约束对累积量的通用修正

中文摘要 AI 辅助

我们提出了子系接受方法3.0（SAM-3.0），该方法修正了大系统子系统中测量的可观测量累积量受多个电荷精确全局守恒的影响。所需的输入是接受可观测量与总事件电荷的联合巨正则累积量集，通过基于（多元）部分指数贝尔多项式的封闭递归，正则累积量代数地得出。该框架可容纳任意数量的可观测量（包括非守恒量，如净质子）和任意数量的同时守恒电荷（包括总能量，从而得到微正则系综）。该映射包含SAM-1.0和SAM-2.0作为特例，并且与SAM-2.0不同，它再现了精确的二项式接受极限。我们还从鞍点展开推导了主要的有限尺寸修正。我们将该方法应用于更新基于流体动力学的非临界基准（Hydro-EV）在RHIC-BES能量下的净质子累积量，发现了一个与直接正则蒙特卡洛采样一致且接近早期SAM-2.0结果的改进基准。我们进一步通过直接蒙特卡洛采样验证了该形式，其中精确同时守恒重子数、电荷和奇异数，包括强子后燃效应。

英文摘要

We present the subensemble acceptance method 3.0 (SAM-3.0), which corrects cumulants of an observable measured in a subsystem of a large system for the effect of exact global conservation of multiple charges. The required input is the set of joint grand-canonical cumulants of the acceptance observable with the total event charges, from which the canonical cumulants follow algebraically via a closed recursion based on (multivariate) partial exponential Bell polynomials. The framework accommodates any number of observables, including non-conserved quantities such as net protons, and any number of simultaneously conserved charges, including the total energy, which yields the microcanonical ensemble. The mapping contains SAM-1.0 and SAM-2.0 as special cases and, unlike SAM-2.0, reproduces the exact binomial-acceptance limit. We also derive the leading finite-size corrections from the saddle-point expansion. We apply the method to update the hydrodynamics-based non-critical baseline (Hydro-EV) for net-proton cumulants at RHIC-BES energies, finding a refined baseline that agrees with direct canonical Monte Carlo sampling and stays close to the earlier SAM-2.0 result. We further validate the formalism against direct Monte Carlo sampling with exact simultaneous conservation of baryon number, electric charge, and strangeness, including hadronic-afterburner effects.

发表机构

• University of Houston（休斯顿大学）
• Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics（博戈留博夫理论物理研究所）

机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。

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44 pages, 5 figures