AI 中文总结
通过逐步放宽暗能量、曲率、中微子和暴胀的假设，系统重新评估了超出ΛCDM的宇宙学约束，发现动态暗能量偏好持续存在，且对其他参数约束有显著影响。
AI 中文摘要
我们通过逐步放宽暗能量（DE）、曲率、中微子和暴胀背后的假设，系统性地重新评估了超出ΛCDM的宇宙学约束。利用最新的CMB数据以及DESI BAO和不同的超新星目录，我们表明动态DE的偏好持续存在于所有考虑的扩展宇宙学中。$\Omega_k$仍与平坦性兼容，尽管存在轻微的$2.2\sigma$偏好$\Omega_k>0$，但在动态DE扩展中这一偏好显著减弱。对$N_{\rm eff}$的约束与$N_{\rm eff}=3.04$大致一致，而中微子总质量的宇宙学上限在所探索的宇宙学中变化很大，范围从$\sum m_\nu\lesssim 0.06$ eV到$\lesssim 0.2$ eV。我们量化了质量排序的偏好以及宇宙学与振荡实验之间的明显张力，表明它们强烈依赖于框架。我们没有发现暴胀张量模式的证据，$r\lesssim 0.035$。对谱指数$n_s$的约束显示出显著的模型依赖性。允许标量跑动会产生向$\alpha_s>0$和$\beta_s>0$的轻微偏移，这可以重新吸收在小尺度CMB数据中发现的较大$n_s$的偏好，尽管$\alpha_s$和$\beta_s$仍与零在$\sim 1.5\sigma$内一致。我们强调了这对慢滚暴胀和基准模型的影响。这里考虑的任何扩展都无法解决$H_0$张力。我们讨论了$\Omega_m$和$S_8$的影响。总体而言，动态DE是唯一显著偏离ΛCDM的，并且对模型其他部分的推断结论影响最大。
英文摘要
We present a systematic reassessment of cosmological constraints beyond $Λ$CDM by progressively relaxing the assumptions underlying Dark Energy (DE), Curvature, Neutrinos, and Inflation. Using the latest CMB data together with DESI BAO and different SN catalogues, we show that the preference for dynamical DE persists across all the extended cosmologies considered. $Ω_k$ remains compatible with flatness, despite a mild $2.2σ$ preference for $Ω_k>0$ that is substantially degraded in dynamical DE extensions. Constraints on $N_{\rm eff}$ are broadly consistent with $N_{\rm eff}=3.04$, while cosmological upper limits on the total neutrino mass vary substantially across the cosmologies explored, ranging from $\sum m_ν\lesssim 0.06$ eV to $\lesssim 0.2$ eV. We quantify both the preference for the mass ordering and the apparent tension between cosmology and oscillation experiments, showing that they are strongly framework dependent. We find no evidence for inflationary tensor modes, with $r\lesssim 0.035$. Constraints on the spectral index $n_s$ show significant model dependence. Allowing for the scalar runnings produces a mild shift toward $α_s>0$ and $β_s>0$ that can reabsorb the preference for larger $n_s$ found in small-scale CMB data, although both $α_s$ and $β_s$ remain consistent with zero at $\sim 1.5σ$. We highlight the implications for slow-roll inflation and benchmark models. None of the extensions considered here can resolve the $H_0$ tension. We discuss the implications for $Ω_m$ and $S_8$. Overall, dynamical DE is the only significant deviation from $Λ$CDM and has the strongest impact on the inferred conclusions in the other sectors of the model.
Comments103 pages, 30 figures, 26 tables, including supplementary material. A systematic assessment of current cosmological constraints in extended parameter spaces. Invited article for New Astronomy Reviews
DOI：10.1016/j.newar.2026.101759
