超流氦中量子涡旋晶格上的惯性波和开尔文波可视化
Visualization of Inertial and Kelvin Waves on the Quantum Vortex Lattice in Superfluid Helium
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中文总结 AI 辅助
通过旋转低温恒温器中的量子涡旋晶格施加热流扰动，实验观测到惯性波和开尔文波湍流级联，为理解量子涡旋集体动力学提供直接方法。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
受到稳态旋转的超流$^4$He会形成与旋转轴对齐的规则量子涡旋晶格。我们在旋转低温恒温器中制备该晶格，用恒定热流扰动它，并可视化在晶格中传播且随强迫能量增长的涡旋形变波。低于两倍旋转速率时，我们证明这些波具有连续频谱，其结构对应于惯性波。在更高频率下，我们报告了支持开尔文波湍流级联观测的证据。因此，我们的实验为加深对所有量子流体中受扰量子涡旋系统集体动力学的理解提供了直接方法。
英文摘要
Superfluid $^4$He subjected to steady rotation develops a regular lattice of quantum vortices aligned with the rotation axis. We prepare this lattice in a rotating cryostat, perturb it with a constant heat flux, and visualize vortex deformation waves that propagate in the lattice and grow in energy with the forcing. Below twice the rotation rate, we show that these waves feature a continuous frequency spectrum whose structure corresponds to inertial waves. At larger frequencies, we report several observations suggesting the presence of Kelvin waves over a continuous range of frequency. These results, obtained through space- and time-resolved velocity measurements of quantum vortex lines, appear as quantitative constraints for modern two-way coupled vortex filament models. They further offer new insights into perturbed quantum vortex systems in three-dimensional quantum fluids.
发表机构
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学、法国国家科学研究中心、格勒诺布尔理工学院、内尔研究所）
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory（国家高磁场实验室）
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, FAST（巴黎萨克雷大学、法国国家科学研究中心、FAST）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
