GOATS: Gemini/NOIRLab时域天文学下一代软件基础设施——应用于Vera C. Rubin天文台时空遗产巡天警报
GOATS: The next generation software infrastructure for time-domain astronomy at Gemini/NOIRLab. Application to alerts from Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time
AI总结：
针对时域与多信使天文学对快速后随观测的需求，提出GOATS端到端软件系统，集成Gemini天文台和NOIRLab服务，实现从目标选择、触发观测到数据获取与分析的统一工作流，并在Rubin/LSST警报实时后随演示中成功应用。
AI中文摘要：
时域和多信使天文学（MMA/TDA）目标需要快速响应的后随观测。在许多情况下，这是做出发现并增进我们对天体物理现象理解的唯一途径，例如伴随致密天体并合引力波的千新星、超新星中的激波突破、伽马射线暴的瞬时辐射等。目前，MMA/TDA后随观测工作流需要处理各种不同的软件包和用户界面。我们为社区提供了一个端到端的软件工具——Gemini观测与目标分析系统（GOATS），它统一并简化了工作流，特别是针对Gemini后随观测。GOATS通过集成Gemini天文台及其上级组织NSF NOIRLab的服务实现了这一点。在单一平台上，GOATS通过NOIRLab的ANTARES警报经纪人实现增强的目标选择，触发Gemini（以及天文事件观测网络内的其他设施），从Gemini天文台档案自动检索数据，并通过Gemini的DRAGONS软件和NOIRLab的Astro Data Lab科学平台进行交互式数据归约和分析。GOATS已成功部署，在NOIRLab设施上对Rubin/LSST警报进行了实时后随观测的端到端演示。作为该演示的一部分，我们从Rubin警报流中选择目标，并在Rubin探测后几分钟内触发后随观测。我们获得了多个目标的光谱，并将其分类为各种类型的超新星（Ia、IIP、Ib/c），红移范围从0.05到0.35。通过消除手动连接工具的需要并自动化重复性任务，GOATS降低了入门门槛，使用户能够专注于观测结果的科学解释。
英文摘要：
Time-domain and multimessenger astronomy (MMA/TDA) targets demand rapid-response follow-up observations. In many cases, it is the only way to make discoveries and advance our understanding of the astrophysical phenomena, for example, kilonovae accompanying gravitational waves from compact object mergers, shock breakout in supernovae, prompt emission from GRBs, etc. Presently the MMA/TDA follow-up workflow requires wrangling disparate software packages and user interfaces. We present an end-to-end software tool for the community, the Gemini Observation and Analysis of Targets System (GOATS), which unifies and simplifies the workflow, particularly for Gemini follow-up observations. GOATS achieves this by integrating services from Gemini Observatory and its parent organization, NSF NOIRLab. From a single platform, GOATS enables enhanced target selection via NOIRLab's ANTARES alert broker, triggering of Gemini (and other facilities within the Astronomical Event Observatory Network), automated data retrieval from the Gemini Observatory Archive, and interactive data reduction and analysis through Gemini's DRAGONS software and NOIRLab's Astro Data Lab science platform. GOATS was successfully deployed in an end-to-end demonstration of real-time follow-up of Rubin/LSST alerts with NOIRLab facilities. As part of this demonstration, we selected targets from the Rubin alert stream and triggered follow-up observations within minutes of the Rubin detections. We obtained spectra for several targets and classified them as supernova of various types (Ia, IIP, Ib/c) with redshifts ranging from 0.05 to 0.35. By eliminating the need to manually connect tools and automating repetitive tasks, GOATS lowers the entry barrier and allows users to focus on the scientific interpretation of the observation results.
