SKAO时代的双活动星系核与多超大质量黑洞系统
Dual AGN and Multiple SMBH Systems in the Era of SKAO
AI总结：
本文回顾了利用射电干涉测量探测双活动星系核和超大质量黑洞双星的策略，强调SKAO的高灵敏度、高分辨率和巡天能力将突破当前观测限制，实现从近邻宇宙到再电离时期的系统普查。
摘要：
我们以射电观测为导向，回顾了当前探测和表征双活动星系核（DAGN）及超大质量黑洞双星（SMBHB）的策略，强调了射电干涉测量在推动该领域发展中的关键作用。我们讨论了高分辨率射电成像——特别是通过甚长基线干涉测量（VLBI）——如何提供一种独特的、不受尘埃影响的工具来识别多个吸积的SMBH，区分AGN相关辐射与恒星形成，并追踪从数十kpc到亚秒差距尺度的成分。我们总结了当前的观测限制，如灵敏度和分辨率组合不足以及天区覆盖有限。然后，我们概述了SKAO如何通过其前所未有的灵敏度、巡天速度、成像保真度和角分辨率组合来克服这些限制，从而能够发现和表征从近邻宇宙到再电离时期的双星和双SMBH。我们提出了几个科学案例，包括对光学/红外选DAGN的射电后续观测、直接盲射电选DAGN、致密束缚SMBHB的研究，以及SMBHB轨道演化与低频引力波辐射之间的联系。我们进一步强调了SKAO观测与詹姆斯·韦伯和欧几里得空间望远镜、鲁宾天文台等现代及未来设施，以及包括激光干涉空间天线和脉冲星计时阵列在内的引力波探测器之间的协同作用。这些综合能力将使SKAO能够首次对双星和双SMBH系统进行全面的射电普查，弥合电磁观测与引力波观测之间的鸿沟，并提供在整个宇宙历史中SMBH配对、吸积和合并驱动反馈的统计显著视图。
英文摘要：
We present a radio-oriented review of current strategies for the detection and characterization of dual active galactic nuclei (DAGN) and supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs), emphasizing the crucial role of radio interferometry in advancing this field. We discuss how high-resolution radio imaging - particularly through very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) - provides a unique, dust-unbiased tool to identify multiple accreting SMBHs, disentangle AGN-related emission from star formation, and trace components from tens of kpc to sub-parsec scales. We summarize current observational limitations, such as insufficient sensitivity-resolution combination and area coverage. We then outline how the SKAO will overcome these constraints through its unprecedented combination of sensitivity, survey speed, imaging fidelity and angular resolution, enabling the discovery and characterization of dual and binary SMBHs from the nearby Universe to the epoch of reionization. Several science cases are presented, including radio follow-ups of optical/infrared-selected DAGN, direct blind radio selection of DAGN, studies of compact bound SMBHBs, and the link between SMBHB orbital evolution and low-frequency gravitational wave emission. We further emphasize the synergy between SKAO observations and modern and upcoming facilities such as the James Webb and Euclid space telescopes, Rubin Observatory, and gravitational wave detectors including the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna and pulsar timing arrays. These combined capabilities will allow SKAO to enable the first comprehensive radio census of dual and binary SMBH systems, bridge the gap between electromagnetic and gravitational wave observations, and provide a statistically significant view of SMBH pairing, accretion, and merger-driven feedback throughout cosmic history.
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