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arXiv 2606.03375astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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来自致密星暴的小红点前身:早期活动星系核形成的自然路径

Little Red Dot progenitors from Compact Starbursts: A Natural Path to Early AGN Formation

Sapienza Università di Roma(罗马第一大学);United Arab Emirates University(阿联酋大学)

Matías Liempi, Muhammad A. Latif, Dominik R. G. Schleicher

AI总结:

通过高分辨率宇宙学模拟,研究高恒星形成效率和受限反馈环境下的致密星系,发现气体流入、引力矩和恒星动力学摩擦能在短时间内积累大量质量,从而自然形成中心黑洞并产生活动星系核,表明小红点的恒星和AGN解释并非互斥。

摘要:

詹姆斯·韦伯空间望远镜最近发现的小红点(LRDs)挑战了传统的早期星系和黑洞共演化模型。这些高度致密天体的性质仍存在激烈争论,解释分为尘埃红化的活动星系核(AGN)和极端致密的恒星种群。我们进行高分辨率宇宙学模拟来模拟LRD前身星的形成。受近期高红移观测和理论结果的启发,我们特别探索了以高恒星形成效率(30%和100%)和受限反馈为特征的环境。我们的模拟自然产生了恒星质量为$10^7-6 imes 10^8$\,M$_\odot$的高度致密星系,大部分质量集中在$200-300$ pc内。我们发现,在这些致密环境中,气体流入、引力矩和恒星动力学摩擦以高效的时间尺度运行。在10 Myr的时间尺度内,气体流入可以在星系中心积累$ m \sim 10^7 M_\odot$,而引力矩和动力学摩擦可以通过大质量星的内迁分别贡献额外的$10^5-10^9$\,M$_\odot$和$10^3-10^4$\, M$_\odot$。假设保守的10%效率以考虑反馈,这种快速的质量积累可以导致形成$\sim 10^6$\,M$_\odot$的中心黑洞,从而在这些致密系统中自然产生AGN。因此,对LRDs的恒星和AGN解释可能并非互斥;相反,致密恒星系统很可能是AGN的前身。

英文摘要:

The recent discovery of Little Red Dots (LRDs) by the James Webb Space Telescope has challenged traditional models of early galaxy and black hole co-evolution. The nature of these highly compact objects remains heavily debated, with explanations divided between dust-reddened active galactic nuclei (AGN) and extremely dense stellar populations. We perform high-resolution cosmological simulations to model the formation of LRD precursors. Motivated by recent high-redshift observations and theoretical results, we specifically explore environments characterized by high star formation efficiencies (30\% and 100\%) and confined feedback. Our simulations naturally produce highly compact galaxies with stellar masses of $10^7-6 \times 10^8 $\,M$_\odot$, with most of the mass concentrated within $200-300$ pc. We find that, in these dense environments, gas inflows, gravitational torques, and stellar dynamical friction operate on highly efficient timescales. Over a 10 Myr timescale, gas inflows can accumulate $\rm \sim 10^7 M_\odot$ at the galactic center, while gravitational torques and dynamical friction can contribute an additional $10^5-10^9$\,M$_\odot$ and $10^3-10^4$\, M$_\odot$ through the inward migration of massive stars. Assuming a conservative 10\% efficiency to account for feedback, this rapid mass accumulation can lead to the formation of a $\sim 10^6$\,M$_\odot$ central black hole, naturally giving rise to an AGN in these dense systems. Therefore, stellar and AGN interpretations of LRDs may not be mutually exclusive; rather, dense stellar systems are likely precursors to AGN.

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