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arXiv 2605.17954cs.CVcs.AIcs.LG
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一种更像单词的图像标记化方法用于大规模语言模型

A More Word-like Image Tokenization for MLLMs

Seoul National University(首尔国立大学);Ewha Womans University(成均馆大学)

Hyun Lee, Hyemin Jeong, Yejin Kim, Hyungwook Choi, Hyunsoo Cho, Soo Kyung Kim, Joonseok Lee

AI总结:

本文提出了一种解耦视觉标记化方法(DiVT),通过将图像块嵌入聚类为语义单元,使每个标记对应于独特的视觉概念,从而提升多模态模型的性能和效率。

摘要:

现代多模态大语言模型(MLLMs)通常保持语言模型不变,并训练一个视觉投影器,将像素映射到其嵌入空间中的标记序列,使图像能以与文本相同的形式呈现。然而,语言模型已优化以操作离散且具有语义意义的标记,而现有视觉投影器将图像转换为长流的连续且高度相关的嵌入。这导致视觉标记的行为不同于LLM最初训练以理解的单词状单元。我们提出了一种新的解耦视觉标记化(DiVT),将图像块嵌入聚类为连贯的语义单元,使得每个标记对应于一个独特的视觉概念,而不是一个刚性的网格单元。DiVT进一步根据图像复杂度调整其标记预算,提供显式的精度-计算权衡,既不修改视觉编码器也不修改语言模型。在多样化的多模态基准测试中,DiVT在显著较少的视觉标记下匹配或超越基线,展示了在有限标记预算下的鲁棒性,显著降低了内存成本和延迟,同时使视觉输入更兼容于LLM。我们的代码可在https://github.com/snuviplab/DiVT上获得。

英文摘要:

Modern multimodal large language models (MLLMs) typically keep the language model fixed and train a visual projector that maps the pixels into a sequence of tokens in its embedding space, so that images can be presented in essentially the same form as text. However, the language model has been optimized to operate on discrete, semantically meaningful tokens, while prevailing visual projectors transform an image into a long stream of continuous and highly correlated embeddings. This causes the visual tokens to behave differently from the word-like units that LLMs are originally trained to understand. We propose a novel Disentangled Visual Tokenization (DiVT) that clusters patch embeddings into coherent semantic units, so each token corresponds to a distinct visual concept instead of a rigid grid cell. DiVT further adapts its token budget to image complexity, providing an explicit accuracy-compute trade-off modifying neither the vision encoder nor the language model. Across diverse multimodal benchmarks, DiVT matches or surpasses baselines with significantly fewer visual tokens, demonstrating robustness under limited token budgets, significantly reducing memory cost and latency while making visual inputs more compatible with LLMs. Our code is available at https://github.com/snuviplab/DiVT.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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