arXiv 2605.083312026-05-08physics.ins-dethep-exphysics.acc-ph

利用计算流体动力学对ATLAS内跟踪器公共环境监测和联锁系统中干氮冲洗方案的热流进行表征

Characterisation of the Thermoflow due to the Dry Nitrogen Flushing Scheme in the ATLAS Inner Tracker using Computational Fluid Dynamics

University of Pretoria（比勒陀利亚大学）；University of Johannesburg（约翰内斯堡大学）；University of KwaZulu-Natal（夸祖鲁-纳塔尔大学）；SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory（斯坦福直线加速器中心）；Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics（荷兰亚原子物理国家研究所）

Muaaz Bhamjee, Matthew Connell, Simon Connell, Emmanuel Igumbor, Lerothodi Leeuw, Pedro Mafa, Marco Oriunno, Marcel Vreeswijk

备注：: 19 pages, 19 figures

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AI总结：

本文利用计算流体动力学研究ATLAS内跟踪器在高亮度升级中的热流特性，以优化干氮冲洗方案，防止因空气泄漏或过压导致的湿度问题，确保设备干燥和正常运行。

摘要：

计划中的大型强子对撞机高亮度升级旨在将瞬时亮度峰值提高到约7.5×10^{34} cm^{-2}s^{-1}。ATLAS探测器将被大幅重新设计以应对这一升级的挑战。本文聚焦于利用计算流体动力学对ATLAS内跟踪器公共环境监测和联锁系统中的干氮冲洗方案进行表征。技术设计报告考虑了在故障情况下双相CO2冷却剂温度可能降至-55摄氏度的可能性。因此，ITk体积内最高相对湿度的规范等同于露点温度在-60摄氏度或以下，以防止因凝结而损坏探测器电子设备。设计考虑了湿度监测以检测此类事件的开始，并利用干氮冲洗去除湿气。因此，彻底理解由于空气泄漏或/和由于过压导致的出口空气吸入所导致的所有后果非常重要。本文中提出的计算流体动力学模型用于提供关于各种运行和故障条件的定性和定量见解，从而指导工程设计变更，以优化冲洗方案并确保ITk保持干燥并在可接受的露点范围内。

英文摘要：

The planned High Luminosity upgrade to the Large Hadron Collider at CERN aims to increase the instantaneous luminosity peak to about 7.5 x 10^{34} cm^{-2}s^{-1}. The ATLAS detector will be extensively re-designed to meet the challenges of this upgrade. This paper focuses on the use of computational fluid dynamics to characterise the thermoflow in order to model the dry nitrogen flushing scheme in the Common Environmental Monitoring and Interlock System for the ATLAS Inner Tracker as part of the upgrade process. The Technical Design Report considers the possibility for the bi-phase CO2 coolant temperature to drop to as low as -55 degrees C in the case of a fault. The specification for the highest Relative Humidity within the ITk volume is therefore equivalent to a dew point temperature at or below -60 degrees C in order to prevent condensation which could damage the detector electronics. The design accommodates for humidity monitoring to detect the onset of such events and dry nitrogen flushing to remove moisture. Therefore, it is important to thoroughly understand all consequences of atmospheric air ingress due to air-leaks and/or air-ingress from the outlets due to the over-pressure. The computational fluid dynamics model presented in this study was used to provide quantitative and qualitative insight into the various operational and failure conditions, informing engineering design changes to optimise the flushing scheme and ensure that the ITk remains dry and within the design specification of the acceptable dew point range.

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